Question 1

As the term is used by sociologists, deviance

Accepted Answer

A)  always involves a violation of a law.
B)  is punished only when it occurs in formal social situations.
C)  refers to any action that is seen as different.
D)  can involve a person's ideas and traits as well as actions.

Question 2

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no ideals in society.
B)  humans have inborn tendencies to be evil.
C)  humans have inborn tendencies to be moral.
D)  unchanging moral truths are the foundation for all norms.

Question 3

Research on deviance in sports is limited in that it focuses primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)  people with power in spot organizations.
B)  deviant overconformity among athletes and coches.
C)  the underconformity of athletes.
D)  the institutional corruption of professional sports.

Question 4

Research and media reports shows that gambling on sports

Accepted Answer

A)  has declined due to effective policing by sport organizations.
B)  is connected with match-fixing by emerging gambling cartels worldwide.
C)  is caused by the economic crises that affect families worldwide.
D)  occurs mostly in legal gambling venues in Las Vegas, Hong Kong, and Monaco.

Question 5

There often is confusion when discussing hazing a a form of sport-related deviance because hazing is

Accepted Answer

A)  basically the same as bullying.
B)  a public process that is perceived as offensive by nonathletes.
C)  a problem for professional teams but noth high school or college teams.
D)  not distinguished from related but different processes.

Question 6

One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it involves actions grounded in

Accepted Answer

A)  accepting and overconforming to norms in sport cultures.
B)  a rejection of norms and expectations in society and sports.
C)  strong feelings of despair and alienation among athletes and coaches.
D)  a strong desire on the part of athletes to avoid responsibility.

Question 7

When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it, they often create a social world in which

Accepted Answer

A)  coaches lose control of players.
B)  players tend to burn out at high rates.
C)  the athletes cannot understand the motivation of teammates.
D)  deviant overconformity becomes normalized.

Question 8

Studying deviance in sports presents problems in that

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological research shows that athletes have conforming personalities.
B)  coaches enforce rules so strictly that deviance seldom occurs.
C)  actions that are normal in sports may be deviant outside sports.
D)  athletes don't understand the differences between sports and the rest of life.

Question 9

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms.The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that

Accepted Answer

A)  are inherently evil.
B)  are subnormal.
C)  can, in extreme cases, lead to fascism.
D)  violate only those norms that are directly based on religious beliefs.

Question 10

To make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity, sport would have to be organized around a commitment to

Accepted Answer

A)  the Olympic motto, "higher, stronger, faster."
B)  the moral standards preferred by most sports fans.
C)  the rules developed by coaches.
D)  the health and well-being of athletes.

Question 11

According to a constructionist approach, the process of negotiating normative boundaries is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the power dynamics that exist in a society or social world.
B)  the human need to punish all forms of deviance.
C)  the normative ideals of sociologists.
D)  the idea that all deviance is harmful to human beings.

Question 12

The author point out that the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports is to

Accepted Answer

A)  turn all rule enforcement over to athletes.
B)  abandon self- enforcement and create an independent enforcement agency.
C)  create a government agency to police all sport organizations.
D)  make sport administrators more accountable for the success of teams.

Question 13

The author describes a model of a professional athlete's career to show that

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclists use drugs in order to do their jobs successfully.
B)  medical support staff are trained to discourage drug use by athletes.
C)  very few professional cyclists use performance enhancing substances.
D)  cyclists at all levels of competition feel a need to use drugs when they race.

Question 14

According to the author, winning is important to long time professional athletes because they

Accepted Answer

A)  have made commitments to their coaches.
B)  are addicted to their own celebrity status.
C)  don't want to disappoint their fans.
D)  want to remain in their sports.

Question 15

Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  weak character and greed.
B)  the social organization of sports.
C)  the influence of drugs.
D)  cultural definitions of masculinity.

Question 16

After reviewing research on academic cheating the author points out that rates of cheating among athletes

Accepted Answer

A)  are lower than they are for other students.
B)  have declined ever since coaches have established mandatory study programs.
C)  are lower only than the rates among fraternity and sorority members.
D)  have not been studied adequately to make any definite conclusions.

Question 17

According to the career model discussed in the chapter, when long time professional athletes retire from full time, year round training and competition and re-enter the "ordinary world," they

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly embrace previously held identities.
B)  find it difficult to become normal in that world.
C)  enjoy the relative peacefulness of everyday life.
D)  usually return to amateur competition in their sport.

Question 18

Research suggests that on-the-field deviance such as cheating and "dirty play" are

Accepted Answer

A)  definitely more common today than in the past.
B)  probably less common today than in the past.
C)  only found in heavy contact sports.
D)  nonexistent among today's athletes.

Question 19

Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires a close examination of the

Accepted Answer

A)  backgrounds of athletes, coaches, and spectators.
B)  economics of sport.
C)  moral characters of athletes and coaches.
D)  meaning and organization of sports.

Question 20

When Lance Armstrong confessed to using performance enhancing substances, many of his fans condemned him as the embodiment of evil because they

Accepted Answer

A)  had spent excessive amounts of money on bicycles and cycling equipment.
B)  experienced extreme cognitive dissonance.
C)  felt that he had also lied about having cancer.
D)  had resisted the use of illegal and prescription drugs in their own lives.

Exam 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control

As the term is used by sociologists, deviance

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The author point out that the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports is to

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Research on deviance in sports is limited in that it focuses primarily on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After reviewing research on academic cheating the author points out that rates of cheating among athletes

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The author describes a model of a professional athlete's career to show that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a constructionist approach, the process of negotiating normative boundaries is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Lance Armstrong confessed to using performance enhancing substances, many of his fans condemned him as the embodiment of evil because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There often is confusion when discussing hazing a a form of sport-related deviance because hazing is

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According to the author, winning is important to long time professional athletes because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms.The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity, sport would have to be organized around a commitment to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studying deviance in sports presents problems in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research and media reports shows that gambling on sports

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports is the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that on-the-field deviance such as cheating and "dirty play" are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the career model discussed in the chapter, when long time professional athletes retire from full time, year round training and competition and re-enter the "ordinary world," they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires a close examination of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it involves actions grounded in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it, they often create a social world in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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