Exam 22: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

A) It can lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome.
B) It is caused by a shiga toxin.
C) Campylobacter burrows into the mucosa of the ileum and multiplies.
D) It can last over 2 weeks.
E) It can cause acute temporary paralysis.

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A) Clostridium difficile
B) Hepatitis A virus
C) Shigella
D) Giardia
E) Norovirus

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A) It synthesizes shiga exotoxin from a bacteriophage.
B) It synthesizes shiga exotoxin from the
C) It synthesizes shiga endotoxin from a bacteriophage.
D) It synthesizes shiga endotoxin from the
E) coli chromosome.

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A) Taenia solium
B) Diphyllobothrium latum
C) Trichuris trichiura
D) Enterobius vermicularis

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A) An important hazard of consuming roadkill meats is the potential presence of Trichinella cysts.
B) Ground pork is safe, as the grinding process both inactivates the Trichinella cysts and mixes it with meats from multiple animals, effectively diluting any remaining cysts.
C) Affected muscle tissue has multiple cysts.Upon consumption, this generates a population that includes both males and females for the infection to propagate.
D) Venison (deer) is safe from trichinosis because deer are herbivores not carnivores.

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A) is common in AIDS patients.
B) is associated with severe pain, bleeding, pseudomembranes, and necrosis.
C) involves Treponema vincentii, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium.
D) is due to poor oral hygiene, altered host defenses, or prior gum disease.
E) is highly contagious.

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A) copious watery diarrhea.
B) loss of blood volume.
C) acidosis, sunken eyes, and thirst.
D) hypotension, tachycardia, and shock.
E) All of the choices are correct.

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A) Food left unrefrigerated for several hours is at risk for contamination.
B) Symptoms come on quickly and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
C) Food becomes contaminated by a human carrier.
D) Common affected foods include custards, ham, cream pastries, and processed meats.
E) Ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining.

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A) Puffiness around the eyes
B) Shortness of breath
C) Abdominal pain
D) Eosinophilia

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A) Praziquantel is the best treatment option for infection with these helminths.
B) All of these infections are associated with eosinophilia, which can be detected in a complete blood count.
C) Tissues along the migratory route of the helminth experience inflammation.
D) Nearly all newborn puppies in the U.S.are infected with Toxocara species.

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A) There is no treatment for ulcers, then or now.
B) Antibiotics are now used to treat ulcers.
C) Different foods are now suggested for patients having ulcers.
D) Doctors now give their patients sedatives to calm patients with ulcers.

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A) Ascaris lumbricoides infection
B) Entamoeba infection
C) Schistosomiasis
D) Clostridium difficile infection
E) Shigella infection

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A) There is only a single drug available to treat Schistosoma infection, praziquantel, and drug-resistant strains are beginning to arise.
B) Once a person has recovered from an infection with Schistosoma mansoni, they are protected with lifelong immunity.
C) Efficacy of treatment is assess by observing fecal samples placed in water for whether eggs can hatch to release live miracidia.
D) Schistosomiasis is transmitted by exposing the skin to a water source that has been contaminated with sewage.

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A) Apply chemical molluscicides (chemicals targeted to molluscs like snails) to bodies of fresh water.
B) Monitor water bodies to detect the presence of infectious miracidia and enforce no bathing rules when they are present.
C) Identify a surface protein on Schistosoma miracidia that the immune system can recognize and create a vaccine using that antigen.
D) Install sanitary sewage treatment facilities to prevent the dispersal of eggs present in urine and feces.

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A) freshwater snails release cercariae.
B) eggs are released from an infected human via the urine.
C) encystment occurs on a freshwater plant.
D) helminth development occurs in the liver.

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A) a medium containing a broad-spectrum antibiotic as a selective agent.
B) a general purpose medium that supports the growth of the diverse gut microbiota.
C) a medium containing bile as a selective agent.
D) a medium containing mammalian blood to provide extra growth factors.
E) a liquid medium, as the diarrhea conditions are more liquid than solid.

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