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A) Julie is female.
B) Julie's hair.
C) Julie bikes.
D) Julie barks.
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A) there is at least one feature shared by all the members of the family.
B) there is at least one identifying trait such that if you have that trait,you are certain to be a member of the family.
C) any pair of family members will have traits in common,even though there may be no single trait shared by all of the family members.
D) there are several features that all members of the family have in common.
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A) the definition of each category.
B) overlap in the features of the various members of a category.
C) the necessary conditions for membership in a category.
D) the sufficient conditions for membership in a category.
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In a parallel distributed processing (PD...View Answer
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A) level of categorization regarded by most participants as indisputable.
B) most general level of categorization of which participants can think.
C) most specific level of categorization of which participants can think.
D) most natural level of categorization,which is neither too specific nor too general.
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The sentence verification task involves ...View Answer
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A) both theories require the triggering of a representation in memory.
B) both theories require previous memories to be averaged,or combined,to create the standard for a category.
C) both theories require a judgment of resemblance.
D) both theories allow judgments of inanimate objects.
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Prototype and exemplar theories are two ...View Answer
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A) Information can be searched for equally quickly across all levels of the network.
B) It allows the option for information to be stored at higher levels,reducing redundancy in information storage.
C) Information can be stored repeatedly,ensuring accuracy.
D) Information is organized according to frequency of use,so that more common representations can be accessed more quickly.
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A) the standard used in a particular category can vary from one occasion to the next.
B) one categorizes objects by comparing them to a mentally represented standard.
C) categorization depends on a judgment of resemblance.
D) categories are represented in the mind by a single relatively concrete illustration of the category.
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A) in propositional networks.
B) in prepositional networks.
C) through an associate link between "Sam" and "dog."
D) in a linear fashion.
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Evidence from fMRI studies and research ...View Answer
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A) They provide a knowledge base that we can rely on when thinking about an object,event,or category.
B) They play a part in determining how easily we learn new concepts.
C) They are usually as precise as most scientific theories.
D) They often allow us to understand any new facts that we encounter about an object or category.
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A) regarded this task as absurd,and so they disagreed with each other about the "correct" answer.
B) offered judgments that show that well-defined categories do not show the graded-membership pattern.
C) regarded all of the even numbers as being "equivalently even."
D) made the judgment in a fashion that implied a graded-membership pattern for the category "even number."
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A) If it grew on a lemon tree,it will be considered a lemon.
B) The essential properties for being a lemon are still there.
C) Cause-and-effect relationships influence how we think about what an object is and how it is categorized.
D) Superficial things like color do not play a role in categorization.
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A) Many categories have a hierarchical structure.
B) Resemblance plays a key role in the use of prototypes but plays no role in the well-documented use of exemplars.
C) Resemblance is typically determined by relatively superficial perceptual features,but sometimes categorization depends on deeper essential properties of the category.
D) Learning about new categories often happens automatically,even when the learner does not notice that it is happening.
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A) the importance of specific traits for category members.
B) the importance of frequency of view in shaping category judgments.
C) a holistic approach to categorization that asks how different concepts are related to each other.
D) the fact that,as we learn more about a category,we can explain why the category is useful.
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A) depend on a judgment of typicality.
B) are not settled entirely by an assessment of typicality.
C) rely on comparing the example to a prototype.
D) do not conform to the requirements of a definition.
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A) be identical to the active areas for animate objects.
B) be different from the active areas for animate objects.
C) be localized to one hemisphere,while animate objects will be in the same region in the other hemisphere.
D) need to directly activate brain areas for animate objects before a categorization decision can be made.
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