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Kelly observed that a hostile person would not know how people would react to friendliness because he or she has rarely tried it.

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Which of the following is a difference between Kelly's cognitive theory and the cognitive movement that began around 1960?


A) Cognitive psychologists studied their subjects in an experimental setting,whereas Kelly developed his theory in a clinical setting.
B) Cognitive psychologists studied their subjects in a clinical setting,whereas Kelly developed his theory in an experimental setting.
C) Kelly's study primarily dealt with overt behavior,whereas cognitive psychologists primarily studied covert behavior.
D) Kelly believed that learning influences a person's response to a given stimulus,whereas cognitive psychologists stressed on the conscious constructs by which people arrange their lives.

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According to Kelly,individuals use personal constructs to:


A) manipulate their subconscious thoughts.
B) release their repressed emotions and experiences.
C) predict and control the events in their lives.
D) assess the behavior of other people.

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People high in cognitive complexity:


A) are likely to hail from monocultural backgrounds.
B) tend to have authoritarian parents.
C) are low in empathic ability.
D) can easily place a person in many categories.

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Which of the following was evident from the research on Kelly's theory?


A) A person's constructs measured by the REP Test remain stable over time.
B) Even though the role models changed,the constructs that were important to the subjects remained the same.
C) Couples with similar constructs reported greater happiness with their marriage.
D) All of these are correct.

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A person formulates hypotheses about the environment and tests them against:


A) established psychological theories.
B) the archetypes in collective unconscious.
C) the reality of daily life.
D) unconscious fears and desires.

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The Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test is used to:


A) discover a person's position in the needs hierarchy.
B) determine a person's roles according to his or her construct system.
C) manipulate the dominant construct in an individual.
D) uncover the constructs people apply to the important people in their lives.

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According to Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test results,which of the following is true of schizophrenics?


A) They cannot identify objects that are used for similar purposes.
B) They are unstable and inconsistent in construing other people.
C) They can solely identify people and objects in a clinical setting.
D) None of these are correct.

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In the context of the real-world application of Kelly's theory,the Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test:


A) has been used as a supplementary test in psychoanalysis.
B) has been used in market research.
C) cannot be used in industrial settings.
D) cannot be used with schizophrenics.

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The _____ corollary says that people need to fit themselves in the constructs of the persons with whom they want to have positive relationships.


A) range
B) modulation
C) sociality
D) commonality

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The dichotomy corollary states that:


A) people modify their constructs as a result of new experiences.
B) an individual must also account for dissimilarities among people or events.
C) people modify their behavior based on other people's ideas of them.
D) two individuals often perceive events in opposite and mutually exclusive ways.

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Kelly's personality theory is based on concepts such as the unconscious,the ego,needs,drives,stimuli and responses,and reinforcement.

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Kelly attempted to describe all aspects of personality,including its emotional components,strictly in terms of _____.


A) cognitive processes
B) biological processes
C) unconscious desires
D) instinctoid needs

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According to Kelly,the freedom to revise one's constructs is called:


A) constructive determinism.
B) constructive interference.
C) constructive alternativism.
D) constructive dichotomy.

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Currently,Kelly's personal construct theory:


A) is held as a supplementary therapy in psychoanalysis.
B) is held as a basic principle of classical conditioning.
C) is very popular among psychologists in the United States.
D) enjoys a broad base of support in Europe and Canada.

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All of the following are criticisms of Kelly's theory except that:


A) it omits motivation and emotion.
B) it is based on an unrepresentative sample.
C) the concept of the unconscious lacks empirical support.
D) the rational image of human nature does not coincide with reality.

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The choice corollary in Kelly's theory describes similarities among repeated events.

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If people construe an experience homogenously,then their cognitive processes will be:


A) similar.
B) identical.
C) fragmented.
D) permeable.

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A self-characterization sketch is used to determine:


A) specific neuroses among clients due to basic anxiety.
B) the accuracy of the repertory grid.
C) the corollaries dominating a client's life.
D) how people perceive themselves in relation to others.

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Which of the following is a goal of the fixed role therapy promoted by George Kelly?


A) A client should reinforce his or her existing constructs based on his or her negative self-perception.
B) A client should discover that the new constructs work better in anticipating events than the old constructs by which the client was living.
C) A client must be able to deal with role-stresses by focusing on a fixed role at a particular point in time.
D) A client must develop new a construct system in alignment with his or her roles and responsibilities in the family.

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