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An adolescent attempts suicide several days after a high school peer committed suicide.The student's mother is devastated that this could happen and that the family could be so unable to tell that their child was at risk.Which response by the school nurse best reflects our understanding of suicide in adolescence? Select all that apply.


A) Most persons who attempt suicide conceal their despair and their intent from others quite effectively so no one will interfere with their attempt.
B) Adolescents have an immature prefrontal cortex,leading to greater impulsiveness,impaired judgment,and less ability to tolerate frustration.
C) Serotonin pathways are not fully developed until adulthood,leading to moodiness and sudden onset of depression in children.
D) People,particularly adolescents,sometimes identify with others who have attempted suicide,leading them to decide to attempt suicide as well.
E) The grief following a peer's death,by suicide or otherwise,can itself contribute to depression and a significant increase in suicide risk.

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A woman with a history of several suicide attempts by overdose is found to have recurrent major depression.Given this patient's history and diagnosis,which of the following antidepressant medications would the nurse expect to be ordered?


A) Amitriptyline (Elavil) ,a sedating tricyclic medication
B) Desipramine (Norpramin) ,a stimulating tricyclic medication
C) Fluoxetine (Prozac) ,a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
D) Tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate) ,a monoamine oxidase inhibitor

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Which of these statements about suicide is accurate?


A) The majority of persons who attempt suicide have given overt or covert indications of their intentions to others.
B) A background in health care has a protective effect,leading to a lower rate of suicide among physicians and nurses than in the general public.
C) Most persons with previous suicide attempts survived because they did not truly intend to die;they are at lower risk than those making their first attempt.
D) Use of a low-lethality means or likelihood of being discovered in time to prevent death are merely suicide gestures,not genuine attempts.

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Which nursing intervention(s) should be implemented for a patient who is actively suicidal? Select all that apply.


A) Maintain arm's-length,one-on-one direct observation at all times.
B) Order finger foods and "no silver or glass" with meals.
C) Check all items brought by visitors,and remove risk items.
D) Check on and interact with the patient every 15 minutes.
E) Place the patient in the living room where others are present.

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A patient who has been depressed for the past several months presents in the clinic stating,"I'm at the end of my rope." Which of the following inquiries would be most effective to use for assessing suicide risk?


A) "You seem very depressed and stressed.What is that like for you? What sort of feelings are you having when you say that?"
B) "Tell me more about what you mean when you say you're at the end of your rope-are you thinking about killing yourself?"
C) "Tell me about your family history.Do you have relatives or ancestors who suffered from depression?"
D) "Tell me about your depression and being at the end of your rope;what are you thinking and feeling?"

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The nurse caring for a college student who attempted suicide by overdose believes brain biochemical dysfunction contributes to suicidal behavior.The nurse will be better able to plan necessary health teaching if she identifies the probable neurotransmitter alteration of:


A) acetylcholine excess.
B) serotonin deficiency.
C) dopamine excess.
D) g-aminobutyric acid deficiency.

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A severely depressed patient who has been on suicide precautions tells the nurse,"I am feeling a lot better,so you can stop watching me.I have taken too much of your time already." The best response for the nurse to make would be:


A) "I wonder what this sudden change is all about.Care to elaborate?"
B) "I am glad you are feeling better.The team will consider what you have said."
C) "You should not try to direct your plan for care.Leave that to the team."
D) "Because we are concerned about your safety,we will continue with our plan."

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A student has committed suicide.Which statement(s) about those left behind after suicide is accurate?


A) A suicide makes survivors more conscious of risk factors and more motivated to reduce risk in themselves and others,leading to a reduced risk of suicide in survivor groups.
B) The first few weeks after a suicide are the most difficult and are when survivors are at highest risk;the risk then returns quickly to its pre-suicide level as time passes.
C) All survivors are at increased risk,should be assessed for risk at intervals after their loss,and would benefit from ongoing support primary intervention to reduce their risk.
D) Speaking of the dead increases the discomfort of surviving loved ones and should generally be avoided in their presence.

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A despondent patient says,"Nothing matters anymore." The most appropriate response by the nurse when would be:


A) "Are you having thoughts about suicide?"
B) "I am not sure I understand what you're saying."
C) "Try to stay hopeful.Things usually work out."
D) "What used to matter,before the depression?"

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The most helpful response for the nurse to make when a patient being treated as an outpatient states,"I am considering committing suicide" is:


A) "I am glad you shared this.There is nothing to worry about.We will work it out."
B) "We need to talk more about the things you have to live for,the good in life."
C) "I think you should admit yourself to the hospital to get help with this."
D) "Bringing this up is a very positive action on your part.Tell me more."

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Which statement provides the best rationale for monitoring the severely depressed patient closely as treatment proceeds?


A) As depression lifts,physical energy and cognitive organization improve and enable the patient to carry out a plan for suicide.
B) Effective therapy involves confronting the depressed patient about inadequacies that the patient has been unwilling to face.
C) Severely depressed persons tend to conceal their feelings and true intentions related to suicide and should not be trusted.
D) Severely depressed persons tend to be labile;their mood can change quickly in response to even the smallest stressors.

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