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In the context of physiological measures, the electromyogram is used to measure _____.


A) brain activity
B) muscle tension
C) emotional arousal
D) learning ability

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Mr. Louise, a psychologist, is interested in the effect of physical attractiveness on ratings of punishment assigned to a driver in an automobile accident. Participants read an account of the accident and received a written description of a physically attractive or unattractive defendant. The manipulation of attractiveness would be an example of a _____ manipulation.


A) staged
B) straightforward
C) conjunctive
D) dependent

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While Leo is performing a cognitive task, a researcher uses a physiological measure that scans various areas of his brain. In this case, the researcher is most likely using a(n) :


A) electrocardiogram.
B) galvanic skin response.
C) functional MRI.
D) electromyogram.

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Professor Smith takes a survey on her students in order to know if they prefer an individual or a group research project. The responses she collects would be an example of which of the following types of measure?


A) Behavioral
B) Self-report
C) Physiological
D) Event

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When participants are not aware of whether they are in the experimental or control condition, the researcher has employed a _____.


A) single-blind experiment
B) staged manipulation
C) physiological measure
D) straightforward manipulation

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Adam measures the length of time two people spend gazing into each other's eyes as an indication of interpersonal attraction. Which type of measure is Adam using?


A) Archival
B) Self-report
C) Physiological
D) Behavioral

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After collecting data, Collins, a researcher, tells the participants the purpose of his study, the results expected, and the practical implications of his research. He also got to know from the participants as to what they felt about the experiment. This process is referred to as a:


A) manipulation check.
B) pilot study.
C) staged manipulation.
D) debriefing session.

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A _____ is very similar to the introduction and method sections of a journal article.


A) pilot study
B) research proposal
C) magazine article
D) brochure

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Without informing them, a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group. The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs to which group. The experiment has used a _____.


A) single-blind technique
B) double-blind technique
C) strong experimental manipulation
D) behavioral measure

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When Mr. Arthur, a researcher, submits a paper to a journal for publication, other researchers who are familiar with his area of research carefully scrutinize the paper and recommend acceptance or rejection. This process is known as _____.


A) a manipulation check
B) correspondence analysis
C) peer review
D) debriefing

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What is a disadvantage of using the strongest manipulation possible in a research?


A) It can result in nonsignificant findings.
B) It can cause a ceiling effect.
C) It creates a situation different from a real-world situation.
D) It invalidates previous published researches.

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Yvette, an investigator who is interested in the effectiveness of various memory strategies, instructs randomly assigned participants to use either imagery or repetitive silent speech to remember a list of 20 words. Two weeks later, she tests these participants for how many words they can recall. The imagery group recalls an average of 2.6 words, while the repetition group recalls an average of 1.9 words. She concludes that there is no difference in the effectiveness of these memory strategies because the results are not statistically significant. Is this a reasonable conclusion?


A) Yes, because no significant results mean there is no relationship between the variables.
B) Yes, because the level of processing memory is the same for all individuals.
C) No, because the participants were randomly assigned to the groups.
D) No, because a dependent variable measured after a two-week delay may lack the sensitivity to detect a difference.

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Which of the following statements is true of straightforward manipulations?


A) Educational programs are seldom straightforward.
B) They are otherwise known as event manipulations.
C) They are used to create some psychological state in the participants.
D) Most memory research relies on straightforward manipulations.

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Which of the following is a technique to improve internal validity?


A) Addition of a control group
B) Experimenter expectancy
C) Participant bias
D) Use of a confederate

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What is the reason for using multiple measures?


A) A variable can be measured in a variety of concrete ways.
B) The order of presenting the measures need not be counterbalanced.
C) Responding to the first measures seldom affects responses on the later measures.
D) Making multiple measurements is less expensive and easy to implement.

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In a study examining the effect of appearances on judgments of criminal behavior, a researcher asks questions about the surroundings and the victim in order to disguise the dependent measures in the study. These unrelated questions are referred to as _____.


A) independent measures
B) filler items
C) task measures
D) placebo measures

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_____ are important opportunities for researchers to present their findings to other researchers and the public.


A) Social gatherings
B) Professional meetings
C) Social media
D) Public meetings

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Event manipulations often involve the use of _____.


A) videotapes
B) confederates
C) learning materials
D) stimulus presentations

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Which of the following is a potential source of experimenter bias?


A) The experimenter using the same method to record participants' behaviors
B) The experimenter being unaware of the participants' personality characteristics
C) The procedures used for the experiments being automated
D) The presence of subtle differences in the way the experimenter interprets the behaviors

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Participants were asked to consume 8, 16, 24, or 32 ounces of alcohol and then to recite the English alphabet as quickly as possible. The rate or the amount of time it takes the participant to correctly recite the alphabet would be an example of a _____ measure.


A) self-report
B) physiological
C) reactive
D) behavioral

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