Question 1

When does the trait of sensation seeking tend to peak?

Accepted Answer

A)  In early childhood.
B)  In late adolescence.
C)  In midlife.
D)  In late life.

Question 2

If you measure self-esteem every day for two weeks, you are probably most interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem level.
B)  self-esteem variability.
C)  possible selves.
D)  feared selves.

Question 3

Research suggests that traits from the five-factor model _____ mean level changes with age.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not show
B)  show small
C)  show moderate
D)  show large

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of a topic at the group level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male versus female differences in empathy toward others.
B)  Cultural differences in coming of age rituals.
C)  Arousal differences that correlate with extraversion.
D)  Ethnic differences in body satisfaction.

Question 5

A study found that men who had many childhood temper tantrums later

Accepted Answer

A)  achieved higher levels of academic success.
B)  were more likely to be divorced.
C)  had more successful military careers.
D)  achieved great financial success.

Question 6

Freud's theory of psychosexual stages is an example of personality change at the _____ level of analysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  population
B)  group differences
C)  individual differences
D)  individual uniqueness

Question 7

Husbands who score low on _____ have been found to be more likely to have extramarital affairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism
B)  impulse control
C)  dominance
D)  extraversion B

Question 8

Personality differences usually can be first observed in

Accepted Answer

A)  early infancy.
B)  late infancy.
C)  adolescence.
D)  adulthood.

Question 9

_____ usually is/are defined as the individual differences that show up early in life and are likely to be heritable and involved in behaviors linked with emotionality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits
B)  Temperament
C)  Individual differences
D)  Dispositions

Question 10

_____ are defined as the social times in which people live.

Accepted Answer

A)  "Cohort effects"
B)  "Generational effects"
C)  "Historical byproducts"
D)  "Longitudinal effects"

Question 11

American women in the 1930s were more _____ than women of the 1950s.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexually active
B)  self-sufficient
C)  passive
D)  resilient B

Question 12

Individuals with a high level of _____ tend to cope better with the loss of a spouse.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominance
B)  impulse control
C)  neuroticism
D)  independence

Question 13

If an individual maintains his or her rank order for a trait relative to a group, but changes the behaviors manifested by that trait over time that individual is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  mean level stability.
B)  rank order stability.
C)  personality coherence.
D)  validity coefficients. C

Question 14

Which of the following aspects of temperament is probably most stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activity level
B)  Fear
C)  Duration of orienting
D)  Soothability

Question 15

_____ is defined as both the consistencies in people and the ways people change over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality development
B)  Rank order stability
C)  Mean level stability
D)  Personality coherence

Question 16

Researchers have found that personality stability

Accepted Answer

A)  does not change reliably over time.
B)  tends to decrease with age.
C)  tends to increase with age.
D)  is best estimated by validity coefficients.

Question 17

Trait neuroticism and negative affect scores tend to _____ from the freshman to senior years in college.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase strongly
B)  decrease strongly
C)  remain stable
D)  fluctuate wildly

Question 18

Research suggests that children classified as bullies in the 6th grade

Accepted Answer

A)  will be more popular in the 10th grade.
B)  will become "whipping boys" by the 7th grade.
C)  are more likely to commit criminal acts in adulthood.
D)  are more likely to have been bullied by parents.

Question 19

Which of the following concepts does Gandhi's life best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  How a personality changes over time.
B)  How a personality can remain stable over time.
C)  The concept of rank order stability.
D)  Traits that are correlated with leadership skills.

Question 20

People who have high levels of self-esteem variability

Accepted Answer

A)  depend on others for their sense of self-worth.
B)  score high on measures of self-esteem level.
C)  score low on measures of self-esteem level.
D)  react positively to objectively defined negative events.

Exam 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

When does the trait of sensation seeking tend to peak?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you measure self-esteem every day for two weeks, you are probably most interested in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that traits from the five-factor model _____ mean level changes with age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a topic at the group level of analysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study found that men who had many childhood temper tantrums later

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's theory of psychosexual stages is an example of personality change at the _____ level of analysis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Husbands who score low on _____ have been found to be more likely to have extramarital affairs.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Personality differences usually can be first observed in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ usually is/are defined as the individual differences that show up early in life and are likely to be heritable and involved in behaviors linked with emotionality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are defined as the social times in which people live.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

American women in the 1930s were more _____ than women of the 1950s.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Individuals with a high level of _____ tend to cope better with the loss of a spouse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an individual maintains his or her rank order for a trait relative to a group, but changes the behaviors manifested by that trait over time that individual is exhibiting

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following aspects of temperament is probably most stable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is defined as both the consistencies in people and the ways people change over time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that personality stability

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait neuroticism and negative affect scores tend to _____ from the freshman to senior years in college.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that children classified as bullies in the 6th grade

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following concepts does Gandhi's life best illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who have high levels of self-esteem variability

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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C

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Research suggests that children classified as bullies in the 6^th grade

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