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If 'B' represents consumer behavior,'I' represents interpersonal influences,'P' represents personal influences,and 'E' represents pressures exerted by outside environmental forces,Kurt Lewin's statement,rewritten to apply to consumer behavior,states that:


A) B = f (I,P) .
B) P = f (B,P) .
C) B = (I,E) .
D) P = (I,E) .

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When a consumer begins to feel dissatisfied with a product or service recently purchased,the anxiety they feel is called:


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) functional fixedness.
C) product revaluation.
D) mental set.

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The evaluative criteria used by consumers in the decision-making process may be:


A) set aside if the consumer finds a better means of making the purchase decision.
B) used to identify alternative brands for consideration and possible purchase.
C) invoked during the first stage of the consumer decision process.
D) objective facts or subjective opinions about the alternatives.

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Product features that consumers consider while choosing among alternatives are known as the:


A) evoked sets.
B) evaluative criteria.
C) heuristics.
D) problem sets.

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Social class has rankings determined by income,occupation,education,family background,and location of residence.

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Be Wise is an insurance firm that helps people save money for retirement and health purposes.It markets its health and life insurance products with a tag line "save for future." Be Wise is trying to address which of the following needs in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


A) Esteem needs
B) Safety needs
C) Physiological needs
D) Social needs

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The American population is becoming increasingly homogenous as the ethnic and racial minority groups are adopting the U.S.culture through acculturation.

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Dale and Lisa,ranchers from Wyoming,found that the meat of their large,slow-growing hogs were not selling in American grocery stores.However,the animals command premium prices in Japan where the meat is enjoyed for its flavor and fat content.The purchasing influence they are experiencing is a cultural influence.

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Discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs and list a product that can be promoted to fulfill each of the different levels of needs.

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Psychologist Abraham H.Maslow developed ...

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Sharon is purchasing a food processor and has done an extensive research on all the models available in the market.She is convinced about a particular product and is trying to finalize a store from where to make the purchase.Sharon is in the _____ stage of consumer decision process.


A) purchase decision and purchase act
B) search
C) postpurchase evaluation
D) problem recognition

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Which of the following is true of the Hispanic population in the United States?


A) They have mostly descended from families who have lived in the United States for many generations.
B) They tend to be younger than the typical Americans.
C) They are a homogenous group.
D) They are rising in proportion primarily because of their high birth rate.

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The looking-glass self is defined as:


A) the objective view of oneself.
B) the way an individual thinks others see him or her.
C) the way an individual views himself or herself.
D) the ideal view one has of oneself.

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As a marketing research intern for a personal-care products company,you are asked to present information on the learning process to the marketing department.Discuss the elements of learning you would include in your presentation.What advice would you give your peers about shaping?

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Learning,in a marketing context,refers t...

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Understanding of differences among subcultures is essential for developing effective marketing strategies.

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Which of the following statements reflects Carla's interpersonal determinants concerning her purchase of an Apple computer?


A) She believes you get what you pay for when purchasing products.
B) She perceives that Apple offers the best customer service though her family and friends do not share this opinion.
C) She makes purchases to satisfy the expectations of her family members who insist on buying Apple products.
D) She identifies with the brand and periodically purchases new Apple products.

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Consumer behavior refers to the process through which ultimate buyers make their purchase decisions.

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Marketing strategies that prove successful in one country are invariably applied successfully in international markets as well.

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A frequent-flyer program usually announced by airlines is a form of purchasing reinforcement.

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Marketers are finding new product opportunities with two-income families demanding goods and services that fill the need for convenience,health,safety,and time constraints.

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_____ is the process through which the ultimate buyers make purchasing decisions about a product or service.


A) evoked set
B) consumer behavior
C) culture
D) reference group
E) Asch phenomenon
F) opinion leader
G) need
H) motive
I) perception
J) attitude
K) learning
L) subliminal perception
M) high-involvement purchase decision
N) closure
O) cognitive dissonance
P) routinized response behavior
Q) shaping
R) perceptual screens
S) evaluative criteria
T) self-concept

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