A) "It's the right thing to do."
B) Most business leaders can be expected to acknowledge that socially responsible actions and environmental sustainability are important and that businesses have a duty to be good corporate citizens.
C) In return for society granting a business a "license to operate" and not be unreasonably restrained in its pursuit of a fair profit,a business is obligated to act as a responsible citizen and do its fair share to promote the general welfare.
D) Acting in a socially responsible manner is in the overall best interest of shareholders.
E) Every business has a moral duty to take corporate citizenship into consideration and to do what's best for shareholders within the confines of discharging its duties to operate honorably,provide good working conditions to employees,be a good environmental steward,and display good corporate citizenship.
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A) conceal their initiatives and accomplishments in the areas of diversity,environment,community,and ethics to increase profitability.
B) make the results of their CSR strategies apparent to stakeholders and for stakeholders to hold companies accountable for their impact on society.
C) minimize transparency and facilitate benchmarking CSR efforts across firms and industries.
D) minimize the use of standard reporting frameworks and metrics.
E) attract environmentally savvy and socially oriented investors.
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A) In a multinational company,application of ethical relativism equates to multiple sets of ethical standards.
B) There are few absolutes when it comes to business ethics and thus few ethical absolutes for consistently judging a company's conduct in various countries and markets.
C) The best and fairest way for a multinational company to approach the enforcement of ethical standards companywide is to reject ethical universalism and pursue ethical relativism.
D) A company that adopts the principle of ethical relativism and holds company personnel to local ethical standards necessarily assumes that what prevails as local morality is an adequate guide to ethical behavior.
E) According to the ethical relativism school of thinking,a "one size fits all" template for judging the ethical appropriateness of business actions and the behaviors of company personnel does not exist.
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A) greater transparency and facilitates benchmarking CSR efforts across firms and industries.
B) and establishes mutual funds investment opportunities comprised of companies that are excelling on the basis of the triple bottom line.
C) greater awareness of The Dow Jones World Index,which comprises companies that are engaged in the environment.
D) corporate governance,climate change,and labor practices.
E) All of these.
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A
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A) base their standards of what is ethical and what is unethical on the Global Code of Ethical Conduct first developed in 1935 and since subscribed to by the governments of 180 countries.
B) quickly find themselves on a slippery slope with no higher order moral compass if they operate in countries where ethical standards vary considerably from country to country.
C) have no fair way to judge the ethical correctness of the conduct of company personnel.
D) have a one-size-fits-all set of ethical standards.
E) end up allowing each company employee to determine what set of ethical standards to observe.
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A) An unethical strategy reflects badly on the character of the company personnel involved.
B) Most all shareholders believe it is honorable for their company to pursue an ethical strategy (even though it usually entails making less profit) and are turned off by company efforts to make greater profits via unethical means.
C) An ethical strategy is in the self-interest of shareholders,partly because an unethical strategy can damage a company's reputation and partly because unethical behavior can be very costly in terms of fines and penalties,legal and investigative costs,customer defections,and lower employee morale.
D) Customers shun companies known for their shady behavior and ethically upstanding company personnel are repulsed by a work environment where unethical behavior is condoned.
E) A strategy that is unethical in whole or in part is morally wrong.
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A) making assessments of the moral character of the company managers.
B) the tendency for managers to focus excessive attention on short-term performance objectives at the expense of longer-term strategic objectives.
C) assessing the costs and damage to the company's reputation as a result of ethical violations.
D) weighing the short-term costs of regulatory compliance with the long-term costs of noncompliance.
E) assessing the short-term costs of complying with government regulations.
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A) many basic moral standards travel well across cultures and countries and really do not vary significantly according to local cultural beliefs,social mores,religious convictions,and/or the circumstances of the situation.
B) since ethical standards are subjectively determined rather than objectively determined,each company has a window within which it can define and implement its own ethical principles of right and wrong.
C) what is deemed right or wrong,fair or unfair,moral or immoral,ethical or unethical in business situations should be judged in light of local customs and social mores and can legitimately vary from one culture or nation to another.
D) each country should have some degree of latitude in setting its own ethical standards for judging the ethical correctness of business actions/behaviors within its borders.
E) concepts of right and wrong as they apply to business behavior are always varying shades of gray,never absolute (that is,black or white) .
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A) of the dangers that top management will get embarrassed if the company's unethical behavior is publicly exposed.
B) (1) a strategy that is unethical in whole or in part is morally wrong and reflects badly on the character of the company personnel involved and (2) an ethical strategy is good business and in the best interest of shareholders.
C) everyone is an ethics watchdog and somebody is sure to blow the whistle on the company's unethical behavior.
D) of the risks of getting caught and prosecuted by governmental authorities if an unethical strategy is used.
E) unethical strategies are inconsistent with or else weaken the corporate culture.
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A) deal chiefly with the actions and behaviors required to operate companies in a socially responsible manner.
B) deal chiefly with the rules each company's top management and board of directors make about "what is right" and "what is wrong."
C) are not materially different from ethical principles in general.
D) are generally less stringent than the ethical principles for society at large.
E) are generally more stringent than the ethical principles for society at large.
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A) correctly recognizes that all soundly reasoned ethical standards are universal.
B) accommodates the best parts of ethical universalism and ethical relativism.
C) puts no absolute limits on what actions and behaviors fall inside the boundaries of what is ethically or morally right and which actions/behaviors fall outside.
D) recognizes the importance of allowing local ethical norms to always take precedence over universal ethical norms.
E) recognizes that individuals and businesses have a basic right to "moral free space" and that it is inappropriate to specify ethically permissible and ethically impermissible actions and behaviors.
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A) concepts of right and wrong are absolute and leave no room for deviation from country to country or circumstance to circumstance.
B) concepts of right and wrong are universal within countries but not across countries and cultures.
C) concepts of right and wrong are governed by the Global Code of Ethical and Social Morality.
D) the most fundamental conceptions of right and wrong are universal and apply to members of all societies,all companies,and all businesspeople.
E) all societies and countries apply essentially the very same set of universally defined ethical principles of right and wrong in judging individual behavior.
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A) shelter the environmental impacts from the company's resources and competitive capabilities.
B) provide for the defense of natural resources usage within cross-border commitments.
C) moderate assurance for ecological support systems for future generations.
D) guard against ultimate endangerment of the business.
E) operate the business in a manner that saps the longevity of sustainability effects.
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A) there can be no one-size-fits-all template (set of authentic ethical norms) against which to gauge the conduct of company personnel,due to cross-cultural differences in ethical standards.
B) a company should have a different set of ethical standards for each country in which it operates.
C) only respected religious experts can provide companies with a higher order moral compass.
D) the best source of ethical standards in each country where the company operates is that country's adopted Code of Required Ethical Conduct.
E) since there can be no one-size-fits-all set of authentic ethical norms,it is appropriate for each company to hold company personnel to observing the company's code of ethical conduct.
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A
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A) are generally advocates of the ethical relativism school of thought.
B) are misguided in their efforts because bribes and kickbacks are really no different from tipping for service at restaurants.Whether you tip for service at dinner or make payments to government officials to get goods through customs or give kickbacks to customers to retain their business,you pay for a service rendered.
C) face a particularly vexing problem of losing business to competitors that have no scruples-an outcome that penalizes ethical companies and company personnel.
D) are out-of-step with business reality given that the preponderance of company managers are immoral.
E) are in a distinct minority compared to companies that view the payment of bribes and kickbacks as a legitimate or permissible practice.
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A) Intense competitive pressures.
B) Overzealous pursuit of personal gain,wealth,and other self-interests.
C) A company culture that puts the profitability and good business performance ahead of ethical behavior.
D) Heavy pressures placed on company managers to meet or beat earnings targets.
E) The pervasiveness of immoral and amoral businesspeople.
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A
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A) Actions to protect the environment that will guard against the ultimate endangerment of the planet.
B) Actions to maintain ecological support systems for future generations.
C) Actions to provide for the longevity of natural resources.
D) Actions to support the Global Environmental Council's fund,which allocates grants based on a competitive basis.
E) All of these.
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