A) antigen.
B) epitope.
C) determinant.
D) immunoglobulin.
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A) amino acid sequence of the constant region of the heavy chain.
B) amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain.
C) ability to cross the placenta.
D) disulfide bonds.
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A) the outer end of each arm of the Y.
B) the junction of heavy and light chains.
C) different regions depending on the class of antibody.
D) the bottom stem of the heavy chain of the Y.
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A) B cells.
B) T cytotoxic cells.
C) T helper cells.
D) All of the choices are correct.
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A) to think of the various segments as a deck of cards-when you get dealt a hand of five cards,you have a very high likelihood of getting a diferent hand every time.The quality of the hand you have dealt will dictate whether you have a "winning" hand (capable of binding to antigenic epitopes) .
B) to think of the various segments as the pieces of a house-you need a strong foundation first (the joining segments) ,followed by a frame (the diversity segments) ,then the interior walls (the variable segments) before the structure is complete.
C) to think of the various segments as building a highway-you need to prepare the area first by clearing a path (the joining segments do this) ,then grade/slope the area (the diversity segments) before you can finally lay down the asphalt (the variable segments) .
D) to think of the various segments as a bingo game-each segment is randomly selected,but you're going to need one of each V,D,and J to form a functional molecule.The "right" combination varaies depending on which antigen is eventually going to be binding to the molecule (i.e.,your bingo card would be the eventual antigen,and the random calling out of the number/letter combinations would be the forming of the VDJ hypervariable region) .
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A) include polysaccharides.
B) require the involvement of T cells.
C) interact with MHCI molecules.
D) are usually proteins.
E) include polysaccharides AND are usually proteins.
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A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Polysaccharides
D) Simple sugars.
E) Lipids AND simple sugars.
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A) B cells.
B) macrophages.
C) NK cells.
D) T helper cells.
E) macrophages AND NK cells.
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