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A retailer's decision not to close earlier than its regular closing time even though a storm warning makes it unlikely that there will be any more customers that day is an example of rule utilitarianism.

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_____ protects the rights of those who are less privileged in society.


A) Rights theory
B) Justice theory
C) Rule utilitarianism theory
D) Profit maximization theory

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Profit maximization results in ethical conduct because:


A) it emphasizes the right to redistribute wealth in order to help the poor and disadvantaged.
B) it requires society's members to act within the constraints of the law.
C) it protects fundamental rights,unless some greater right takes precedence.
D) it focuses on the decision or action itself,irrespective of what results it produces.

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Which of the following critical thinking errors is likely to occur among the subordinates if a leader is unethical?


A) False analogy
B) Bandwagon fallacy
C) False cause
D) Gambler's fallacy

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Guilty by association is a form of:


A) begging the question.
B) argumentum ad hominem.
C) argumentum ad populum.
D) gambler's fallacy.

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Which of the following factors can impose direct penalties for corporate misbehavior?


A) Market forces
B) Corporate management
C) Labor unions
D) Investors

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Which of the following ethical theories focuses on a decisions or action alone,irrespective of the result it produces?


A) Deontological theory
B) Teleological theory
C) Profit maximization theory
D) Utilitarian theory

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A _____ argument states that we should or should not do something merely because one or more other people or firms do or do not do it.


A) bandwagon fallacy
B) circular reasoning
C) false cause
D) gambler's fallacy

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A "non sequitur" used in an argument is a wrong conclusion:


A) that does not follow from the facts or premises set out.
B) based on a false analogy.
C) that relies on the idea that a popular belief is true.
D) based on an attack against the speaker,not his/her reasoning.

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Bennett is in the process of making an important decision for his firm.Which of the following actions strengthens the argument that Bennett is a utilitarian?


A) Bennett chooses the alternative that promises the highest net welfare to society as a whole.
B) Bennett implements the alternative that allocates society's benefits and burden most fairly.
C) Bennett considers whether everyone is getting what he deserves.
D) Bennett determines whether anyone's rights are negatively affected by an alternative.

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Which of the following ethical theories judges our actions as good or bad depending on their consequences and is expressed as "the ends justify the means"?


A) Rights theory
B) Utilitarianism
C) Kantianism
D) Deontological theory

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Which of the following ethical theories requires decision makers to maximize utility for the society as a whole?


A) Profit maximization theory
B) Deontological theory
C) Rights theory
D) Utilitarian theory

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Speedster is an automobile manufacturing company that has a factory in Seattle,Washington.It has placed Keith McShane,the operations head of the factory,in charge of investigating the firm's decision whether to move the factory to Qingdao,China.Keith is against the idea of the factory relocating to Qingdao because his fellow Americans will lose their jobs to the Chinese.Therefore,he is desperately searching for information that favors Seattle over Qingdao.Which of the following prescribed guidelines for ethical decision making will Keith need to focus on to make an unbiased,ethical decision?


A) Will the shareholders offer support?
B) What facts impact my decision?
C) How can I increase the number of shareholders?
D) Which decision will allow me to retain my job?

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An individual can lead ethically while not attempting to behave in an ethically way.

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Which of the following is also called the slippery slope fallacy?


A) Gambler's fallacy
B) Reductio ad absurdum
C) Sunk cost fallacy
D) Argumentum ad hominem

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"The ends justify the means." This statement reflects the utilitarian ethical theory.

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"Your decision will be better for your firm and other stakeholders if you consider your selfish interest." Considering that this statement is true,which of the following prescribed guidelines for ethical decision making should you focus on?


A) Will the shareholders offer support?
B) How can I increase the number of shareholders?
C) How do the alternatives impact me,the decision maker?
D) Who are the stakeholders?

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"Begging the question" is also known as the slippery slope fallacy.

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Asking whether a decision will produce the right results is an example of deontological theory.

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Which of the following attacks the speaker for his argument,not his reasoning?


A) Argumentum ad hominem
B) Argumentum from authority
C) Argumentum as populism
D) Argumentum ad vacuum

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