Exam 8: Early Hominins

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The major features of australopithecine ...

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A) Australopithecines had a higher incidence of rickets than genus Homo.
B) Australopithecines had smaller molars than genus Homo.
C) Australopithecines probably relied more on the use of tools than did the early Homo.
D) Australopithecus was the most geographically widespread of all hominin genera.
E) Australopithecines as a group inhabited the earth longer than any other hominin genus.

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A) the distinction between those who stress diversity and divergence, and those who focus on similarities across fossil finds.
B) that more fossil evidence isn't necessarily better, because it only leads to more misinterpretation.
C) the distinction between creationists and evolutionists.
D) the difference between those who consider bipedalism as the key hominin feature, and those that consider large brain size the key feature.
E) that not all paleoanthropologists value human diversity.

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A) the Laetoli site in northern Tanzania yielded a series of fossilized footprints.
B) although the fossils from these two regions were deposited half a million years apart, their many resemblances justify including them all as part of the same species, Homo habilis.
C) Lucy, a tiny hominin female who lived around 3 m.y.a., was found in the Hadar site in the Afar region of Ethiopia.
D) the fossils from both Laetoli and Hadar forced a reinterpretation of the early hominin record, suggesting that hominins are much closer to apes than previously known.
E) the fossils from both Laetoli and Hadar are representative of Au. afarensis.

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A) appears to have been a chimp-sized creature that climbed easily and walked on two legs when on the ground.
B) lacks any possible evidence that it was bipedal.
C) is the undisputed "missing link."
D) was found in South America, suggesting that the transition into bipedalism may have happened there.
E) is older than the famous Toumai find.

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The split between the australopithecines...

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The major difficulties that arise in try...

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A) stereoscopic vision
B) climbing ability
C) thin enamel on teeth
D) big back teeth
E) chimplike tool use, such as termite capture

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A) Au. sediba is the oldest fully bipedal ape fossil.
B) Au. sediba shows a mix of ape features and humanlike features.
C) Au. sediba is younger than Homo erectus.
D) Au. sediba had a human-sized brain but still lived in trees.
E) many researchers suspect that there was genetic admixture between Au. sediba and Homo populations.

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A) It puts an end to the debate between taxonomic "splitters" and "lumpers."
B) It confirms that the development of big brains preceded the onset of bipedalism.
C) It replaces Lucy (3.2 m.y.a.) as the earliest known hominin skeleton.
D) It is the ancestor of Homo but not australopithecines.
E) It suggests the possibility that at least two hominin lineages existed as far back as 3.5 million years ago.

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A) It indicates that Au. afarensis had a prolonged childhood period of slow brain growth.
B) It has a human-like skull and upper body, unlike Lucy.
C) It is the first fossil hominid child found alongside its mother.
D) It was found to have a large cranial capacity but was not bipedal, drawing into question how these traits develop in childhood.
E) It sheds light on growth processes in human ancestors, including brain and dental development.

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