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Conflict with parents often escalates during:


A) early adolescence.
B) middle adolescence.
C) late adolescence.
D) the college years.

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Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis.


A) foreclosure
B) moratorium
C) achievement
D) diffusion

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Is there any gender difference in the incidence of adolescent depression? What accounts for this gender difference?

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By about age 15, adolescent females have...

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Stella has involved, responsive parents who support her in her choices as long as she adheres to certain basic rules that they have set for her, like keeping up her grades and coming home in time for dinner with her family on weeknights. Thus, Stella's relationship with her parents is characterized by a high level of trust, acceptance, and quality. Research indicates that Stella would:


A) voluntarily disclose less about her activities to her parents.
B) be concerned about parental disapproval and thus more likely to lie to her parents.
C) be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities.
D) be likely to experience problems in adolescent adjustment.

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The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is:


A) through using an antidepressant medication like Prozac.
B) not with medication, but through cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) .
C) a combination of psychoanalysis and family treatment.
D) a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) .

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The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that:


A) the everyday negotiations and minor disputes can serve the positive developmental function of helping the adolescent make the transition from childhood dependency to adult independence.
B) in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe.
C) parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social world.
D) as adolescents mature they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents.

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_____ reflects an individual's personal investment in identity.


A) Commitment
B) Collaboration
C) Calling
D) Conscientiousness

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Briefly describe the elements identified by James Marcia as determining an individual's identity status.

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James Marcia classifies individuals' ide...

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As many as _____ percent of adolescents in the United States have been estimated to engage in all four of the problem behaviors common in adolescents such as drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, and school-related problems.


A) 10
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

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The four problems that affect the most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and _____.


A) career choice dilemmas
B) juvenile delinquency
C) peer-related problems
D) family problems

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Ethnic _____ is the enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.


A) gloss
B) awareness
C) identity
D) pride

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Identity development:


A) is a single, neat process.
B) gets done in bits and pieces.
C) happens cataclysmically.
D) involves making decisions once and for all.

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An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.

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Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.


A) diffusion
B) foreclosure
C) moratorium
D) achievement

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According to the old model of parent-adolescent relationships:


A) parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence.
B) in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe.
C) parents serve as important support systems while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social world.
D) the everyday negotiations and minor disputes are normal.

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Which of the following is a benefit of everyday conflicts that characterize parent-adolescent relationships?


A) It teaches adolescents that their parents are not perfect.
B) It helps adolescents become more autonomous.
C) It helps adolescents accept parental control over their lives.
D) It teaches parents how to exert more control over the lives of adolescents.

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Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in a liberal arts course in the state college near their hometown. Ramon has not really thought about the issue much himself, and he will most likely do what they advise. James Marcia would classify Ramon's identity status as:


A) identity diffusion.
B) identity foreclosure.
C) identity moratorium.
D) identity achievement.

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As of 2010, which of the following is the most frequently visited Internet site?


A) MySpace
B) Yahoo!
C) Google
D) Facebook

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Irena, age 16, is a first-generation immigrant whose parents came to the United States from Ukraine when she was just a baby. Irena enjoys many of the same things that her American friends do, but respects her culture's traditions and speaks to her parents in their native language. Irena seems to have formed a _____ identity.


A) bilingual
B) bicultural
C) mixed-cultural
D) culturally confused

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_____ is defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives.


A) Commitment
B) Calling
C) Conscientiousness
D) Crisis

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