Question 1

For some axons, glial cells produce an insulating sheath that makes rapid transmission possible. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

A)   Differentiation
B)   Migration
C)   Myelination
D)   Proliferation

Question 2

Mammals and amphibians are similar in that they can both easily generate new axons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction.

Accepted Answer

A)   Chemokines
B)   Immunoglobulin
C)   Glia
D)   Neurotrophins

Question 4

Ischemia and hemorrhage kill neurons by:

Accepted Answer

A)   understimulating them.
B)   overstimulating them.
C)   overactivating the sodium-potassium pump.
D)   depleting the glutamate supply available to neurons.

Question 5

Define differentiation during neural development.

Accepted Answer

A primitive (simple)...

Question 6

If a brain area loses a set of incoming axons, we can expect some combination of ____ by the remaining axons and collateral sprouting by other axons that ordinarily attach to some other target.

Accepted Answer

A)   disuse supersensitivity
B)   decreased response
C)   denervation supersensitivity
D)   response supersensitivity

Question 7

Damage to some of the axons that innervate a given structure may give rise to:

Accepted Answer

A)   collateral sprouting, but not denervation supersensitivity.
B)   denervation supersensitivity, but not collateral sprouting.
C)   both collateral sprouting and denervation supersensitivity.
D)   neither collateral sprouting nor denervation supersensitivity.

Question 8

Differentiation is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   production of new cells.
B)   movement of primitive neurons and glia.
C)   formation of dendrites and an axon.
D)   insulation process that occurs on some axons.

Question 9

After loss of sensory input from a limb, the axons representing that limb degenerate and:

Accepted Answer

A)   cause immediate cell death.
B)   leave vacant synaptic sites at several levels of the CNS.
C)   destroy any leftover synapses.
D)   cause no change in the associated neurons.

Question 10

Central nervous system axons regenerate much better in fish than in mammals because fish:

Accepted Answer

A)   nerves do not have to travel so far to reach their target.
B)   myelin does not secrete proteins that inhibit axon growth.
C)   nerves have so much more myelin than do mammal nerves.
D)   myelin secretes a protein that accelerates regeneration.

Question 11

In response to nervous system injury, neurotrophins:

Accepted Answer

A)   cause the neuron's death.
B)   reduce inflammation due to this injury.
C)   increase regrowth of damaged axons.
D)   promote apoptosis.

Question 12

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) :

Accepted Answer

A)   is recommended for hemorrhage.
B)   overstimulates glutamate receptors.
C)   should be administered a few days after stroke.
D)   is helpful in cases of ischemia.

Question 13

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   axons, but not target cells
B)   target cells, but not axons
C)   both axons and target cells
D)   neither axons nor target cells

Question 14

A stroke caused by an artery rupturing is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   ischemia.
B)   hemorrhage.
C)   closed head injury.
D)   penumbra.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas?

Accepted Answer

A)   completely random growth
B)   shape attraction
C)   electrical attraction
D)   chemical attraction

Question 16

Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Myelination in the human brain:

Accepted Answer

A)   is complete upon birth.
B)   is complete around the second birthday.
C)   is complete sometime shortly after adolescence.
D)   continues well into the adult years.

Question 18

Chemicals known as ____ and ____ guide neuron migration.

Accepted Answer

A)   immunoglobulins; sodium
B)   glia; neurothrophins
C)   immunoglobulins; chemokines
D)   chemokines; neurothrophins

Question 19

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will:

Accepted Answer

A)   branch out and form other synapses on other cells.
B)   manufacture its own neurotrophins.
C)   degenerate and die.
D)   fail to reabsorb transmitters that have already been released.

Question 20

The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:

Accepted Answer

A)   forebrain.
B)   midbrain.
C)   spinal cord.
D)   ventricular system.

Exam 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Myelination in the human brain:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemicals known as ____ and ____ guide neuron migration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differentiation is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After loss of sensory input from a limb, the axons representing that limb degenerate and:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For some axons, glial cells produce an insulating sheath that makes rapid transmission possible. What is this process called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Central nervous system axons regenerate much better in fish than in mammals because fish:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ischemia and hemorrhage kill neurons by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stroke caused by an artery rupturing is also known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In response to nervous system injury, neurotrophins:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damage to some of the axons that innervate a given structure may give rise to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define differentiation during neural development.

Correct AnswerverifiedA primitive (simple)...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mammals and amphibians are similar in that they can both easily generate new axons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a brain area loses a set of incoming axons, we can expect some combination of ____ by the remaining axons and collateral sprouting by other axons that ordinarily attach to some other target.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Chemicals known as and guide neuron migration.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A primitive (simple)...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified