Question 1

What is the best way to objectively determine if someone is asleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   Monitor breathing rates.
B)   Measure muscle tension.
C)   Monitor brain waves.
D)   Use self-report measures.

Question 2

After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain, you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm. The most likely home of this neuron is in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   optic nerve.
B)   MPOA.
C)   SCN.
D)   pineal gland.

Question 3

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body:

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot generate biological rhythms.
B)   still has rhythms in synchrony with environmental patterns of light and dark.
C)   still has rhythms, but they are less consistent.
D)   still has rhythms, but they can only be reset by artificial light.

Question 4

A "zeitgeber" is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   biological clock.
B)   animal that does not have a biological clock.
C)   environmental cue that resets a biological clock.
D)   body activity that is controlled by a biological clock.

Question 5

Which of the following people would be most alert when watching a late-night movie?

Accepted Answer

A)   40 year old
B)   20 year old
C)   16 month baby
D)   a morning person

Question 6

The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.

Accepted Answer

A)   reticular formation
B)   tectum
C)   tegmentum
D)   thalamus

Question 7

If suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons are disconnected from the rest of the brain, they:

Accepted Answer

A)   no longer produce any activity.
B)   continue to produce activity that follows a circadian rhythm.
C)   produce a 20-hour rhythm.
D)   produce spontaneous bursts of activity, but on no rhythmic pattern.

Question 8

High levels of 'Per' and 'Tim' are associated with sleepiness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

During REM sleep, neuronal activity decreases in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   entire brain.
B)   pons.
C)   limbic system.
D)   primary visual cortex and the motor cortex.

Question 10

Changes in EEG waves occur when neurons fire in synchrony.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The proteins PER and TIM, originally discovered in insect but now found in mammals also, influence circadian rhythms by:

Accepted Answer

A)   building up during the day and declining during sleep.
B)   being transformed into melatonin.
C)   stimulating and inhibiting (respectively)  the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex.
D)   providing negative feedback from the muscles to the neurons that innervate them.

Question 12

What do the EEG waves look like when brain activity is "desynchronized"?

Accepted Answer

A)   long, slow waves of large amplitude
B)   short, rapid waves of large amplitude
C)   regular alternation between waves of large amplitude and waves of small amplitude
D)   irregular waves with low amplitude

Question 13

What is activated by the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

A)   the spinal cord
B)   only those portions of the cerebral cortex involved in processing sensory information
C)   only subcortical structures in the brain stem and midbrain
D)   wide regions of the entire cerebral cortex

Question 14

What is a defining criterion for insomnia?

Accepted Answer

A)   a person who consistently feels sleepy during the day
B)   consistently less than 6 hours of sleep per night
C)   at least 50% less REM sleep than normal
D)   more time spent in NREM sleep than in REM sleep

Question 15

Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sleep
B)   storage of body fat
C)   migration
D)   Mating

Question 16

A recent hypothesis proposed that the role of REM is:

Accepted Answer

A)   to shake the eyeballs back and forth in order to get sufficient oxygen to the corneas of the eyes.
B)   to shake the eyeballs back and forth so the individual moves from REM to NREM.
C)   no different than the role of NREM.
D)   to bring to the surface the individual's unconscious wishes.

Question 17

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy)  the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?

Accepted Answer

A)   concentration of serotonin and acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex
B)   number and type of emotional experiences during the day
C)   stimuli currently acting on the body and areas of spontaneous brain activity
D)   time the person went to sleep and the current time

Question 18

An electroencephalograph displays:

Accepted Answer

A)   action potentials of individual neurons.
B)   a net average of all the neurons' potentials.
C)   the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain.
D)   the electrical resistance of the scalp.

Question 19

After cutting each of the individual tracts that enter the medulla and spinal cord, depriving the brain of almost all sensory input, an animal:

Accepted Answer

A)   continues to have periods of wakefulness and sleep.
B)   stops sleeping.
C)   goes into a coma.
D)   enters a prolonged state of sleep.

Question 20

Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors:

Accepted Answer

A)   occur during REM sleep.
B)   occur during NREM sleep.
C)   are far more common in adults than children.
D)   usually involve sleep talking.

Exam 9: Wakefulness and Sleep

After cutting each of the individual tracts that enter the medulla and spinal cord, depriving the brain of almost all sensory input, an animal:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A recent hypothesis proposed that the role of REM is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain, you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm. The most likely home of this neuron is in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Changes in EEG waves occur when neurons fire in synchrony.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High levels of 'Per' and 'Tim' are associated with sleepiness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy) the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During REM sleep, neuronal activity decreases in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the best way to objectively determine if someone is asleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people would be most alert when watching a late-night movie?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors:

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An electroencephalograph displays:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do the EEG waves look like when brain activity is "desynchronized"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons are disconnected from the rest of the brain, they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A "zeitgeber" is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is activated by the reticular formation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a defining criterion for insomnia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proteins PER and TIM, originally discovered in insect but now found in mammals also, influence circadian rhythms by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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