Question 1

How many different alleles of a gene like BRCA1 can an individual have?

Accepted Answer

A)   Several hundred, since there are hundreds of known BRCA1 alleles
B)   Four: two from their father and two from their mother
C)   Only two: one from their father and one from their mother
D)   One for males and hundreds for females
E)   One for males and two for females

Question 2

Explain how alterations of the BRCA proteins could lead to cancer.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is uncontrolled cell division.Nor...

Question 3

How often do mistakes occur when copying DNA? Do all these mistakes appear in the final,copied DNA?

Accepted Answer

Mistakes occur between 1 in 10...

Question 4

Which of the following is a mutagen?

Accepted Answer

A)   UV light
B)   smoking
C)   blackened meats
D)   excessive drinking
E)   All of the above.

Question 5

Mutations in DNA sequences may occur during the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription.
B)   translation.
C)   replication.
D)   tumor suppression.
E)   apoptosis.

Question 6

For those women with a mutation in their BRCA genes,the risk of developing breast cancer by age 50 is as high as _________,while in the general population the risk is _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   10%; 
B)   20%; 
C)   20%; 10%
D)   50%; 
E)   50%; 20%

Question 7

A tumor suppressor gene is a gene that

Accepted Answer

A)   tells the cell when to stop the cell cycle.
B)   is responsible for DNA repair.
C)   is responsible for detecting mutations.
D)   tells the cell to go through the cell cycle.
E)   prevents apoptosis from occurring.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   All carcinogens are mutagens.
B)   Some cancers are hereditary.
C)   All mutations can cause cancer.
D)   Ultraviolet light can lead to skin cancers, so it is a mutagen.
E)   Ultraviolet light can lead to skin cancers, so it is a carcinogen.

Question 9

An allele is

Accepted Answer

A)   any section of DNA.
B)   a gene.
C)   a specific section of a chromosome.
D)   an alternate version of a gene.
E)   a pair of genes.

Question 10

Which of the following types of mutations is LEAST likely to lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   a mutation of proto-oncogenes
B)   a mutation of tumor suppressor genes
C)   a mutation of a gene that codes for DNA polymerase
D)   a mutation of a gene that codes for DNA repair enzymes
E)   a mutation in a noncoding sequence of a gene

Question 11

Skin cancer is the result of changes in DNA,but it is not usually passed on to the next generation.Explain why it is not passed on.

Accepted Answer

Skin cancer occurs in somatic ...

Question 12

Do all mutations that occur within the DNA sequence result in abnormal protein expression,and therefore affect the function of the protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes, regardless of the location of the mutation, protein expression and function will be adversely affected.
B)   No, mutations occurring within the noncoding regions of the DNA sequence will not affect overall protein structure
C)   No, DNA repair enzymes are designed specifically to "proofread" the DNA and they catch most mistakes
D)   Yes, any mutations located within the DNA sequence will affect the structure of the protein.
E)   B and C

Question 13

If you mother has a single copy of a harmful BRCA gene,what are the chances you inherited the harmful BRCA allele from her?

Accepted Answer

A)   0%
B)   25%
C)   50%
D)   75%
E)   100%

Question 14

Which of these does NOT directly cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   inherited predispositions
B)   solar radiation (UV) 
C)   tobacco smoking or chewing
D)   DNA damage from viruses
E)   mutagens in drinking water

Question 15

The mutant BRCA2 gene predisposes people to cancer.If mutant BRCA2 runs in Isadora's family,will she automatically get cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes, because genes like BRCA2 are always inherited if one of your parents has a mutation.
B)   No. Although inherited genes may carry an increased predisposition toward cancer, it is often nonhereditary mutations that lead to cancer.
C)   Yes, because inherited genes that are mutated will cause cancer.
D)   No, because more than one mutation is needed to develop cancer.
E)   B and D

Question 16

What kinds of preventative measures are available for individuals who have a strong genetic predisposition to breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic counseling, so they know the risks
B)   regular medical screening for cancer
C)   a healthy lifestyle, a good diet, and an exercise regimen
D)   prophylactic surgery
E)   All of the above.

Question 17

A new gene is discovered,called GRAB.It prevents a cell from entering mitosis if there are any signs of DNA damage.This means that GRAB would be a type of

Accepted Answer

A)   oncogene.
B)   tumor-suppressor gene.
C)   nonhereditary gene.
D)   somatic gene.
E)   proto-oncogene.

Question 18

Which occupation is high risk for a predisposition to cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   chimney sweeping
B)   coal mining
C)   cabinet making
D)   shoe repair and manufacture
E)   All of the above.

Question 19

A woman with normal BRCA alleles has a child with a man who has one mutated BRCA1 allele.What is the probability that the child will have a mutated BRCA1 allele?

Accepted Answer

A)   0%
B)   25%
C)   50%
D)   75%
E)   100%

Question 20

You isolate cells from a tumor and study them.You observe that the cells continue dividing,even when DNA is damaged,when the cells become crowded,or even when nutrients run low.These observations lead you to suspect that the cells

Accepted Answer

A)   contain a proto-oncogene.
B)   contain an oncogene.
C)   contain a mutated tumor-suppressor gene.
D)   are infected by a virus.
E)   are breast-cancer cells.

Exam 10: Mutations and Cancer Fighting Fate

Which of these does NOT directly cause cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An allele is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new gene is discovered,called GRAB.It prevents a cell from entering mitosis if there are any signs of DNA damage.This means that GRAB would be a type of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You isolate cells from a tumor and study them.You observe that the cells continue dividing,even when DNA is damaged,when the cells become crowded,or even when nutrients run low.These observations lead you to suspect that the cells

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many different alleles of a gene like BRCA1 can an individual have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skin cancer is the result of changes in DNA,but it is not usually passed on to the next generation.Explain why it is not passed on.

Correct AnswerverifiedSkin cancer occurs in somatic ...View AnswerShow Answer

Do all mutations that occur within the DNA sequence result in abnormal protein expression,and therefore affect the function of the protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A tumor suppressor gene is a gene that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kinds of preventative measures are available for individuals who have a strong genetic predisposition to breast cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how alterations of the BRCA proteins could lead to cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedCancer is uncontrolled cell division.Nor...View AnswerShow Answer

How often do mistakes occur when copying DNA? Do all these mistakes appear in the final,copied DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedMistakes occur between 1 in 10...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is a mutagen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you mother has a single copy of a harmful BRCA gene,what are the chances you inherited the harmful BRCA allele from her?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which occupation is high risk for a predisposition to cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman with normal BRCA alleles has a child with a man who has one mutated BRCA1 allele.What is the probability that the child will have a mutated BRCA1 allele?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For those women with a mutation in their BRCA genes,the risk of developing breast cancer by age 50 is as high as _________,while in the general population the risk is _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations in DNA sequences may occur during the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of mutations is LEAST likely to lead to cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mutant BRCA2 gene predisposes people to cancer.If mutant BRCA2 runs in Isadora's family,will she automatically get cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Skin cancer occurs in somatic ...
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Cancer is uncontrolled cell division.Nor...
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Mistakes occur between 1 in 10...
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For those women with a mutation in their BRCA genes,the risk of developing breast cancer by age 50 is as high as _,while in the general population the risk is _.

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