Question 1

The study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms is

Accepted Answer

A)  nomenclature.
B)  taxonomy.
C)  ecology.
D)  systematics.
E)  biology.

Question 2

Refer to the cladogram below.Which shared derived character is common to the lizard and rabbit but not the salmon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Notochord.
B)  Vertebrae.
C)  Tetrapod locomotion.
D)  Mammary glands.

Question 3

Use the principle of parsimony and molecular genetic data to choose a phylogenetic tree for your hypothesis of how the extant species were derived from the ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A)  Tree 1 requires the most mutations,making it the best choice.
B)  Tree 1 requires the fewest mutations,making it the best choice.
C)  Tree 2 requires the most mutations,making it the best choice.
D)  Tree 2 requires the fewest mutations,making it the best choice.
E)  Both trees are equally good because sequences A,B,C,and D are the same in both.

Question 4

__________ is a term that refers to similarities among various species that occur because the species are derived from a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A)  Analogy
B)  Phylogeny
C)  Homology
D)  Heterology
E)  Morphology

Question 5

Horizontal gene transfer is less prevalent in eukaryotic species because

Accepted Answer

A)  of the presence of organelles in the cells of eukaryotic species.
B)  of the multicellularity in eukaryotic species,which is lacking in prokaryotic species.
C)  eukaryotic species reproduce by sexual reproduction.
D)  of multicellularity and sexual reproduction.
E)  of the presence of organelles and multicellularity.

Question 6

The firefly (Photinus granulatus) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) are both members of the kingdom Animalia.This indicates that they must also both be members of the same

Accepted Answer

A)  species
B)  genus
C)  order
D)  phylum
E)  domain

Question 7

An assumption for the use of molecular clocks is that neutral mutations accumulate at a rapidly increasing rate over time between two species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Members of the plant family Cactaceae (cacti) are native to the Americas and thrive in dry environments.They have a number of specialized adaptations,including reduced leaves,succulent (fleshy) stems for water storage,and spines for defense against herbivores.Some members of the family Euphorbiaceae are native to Africa and resemble cacti,having similarly reduced leaves,succulent stems,and thorns.However,their common ancestor likely did not have these traits.Based on this information,what can you say about the morphological traits of Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae indicated above?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are shared primitive traits.
B)  They are shared derived traits.
C)  They are homologous traits.
D)  They are analogous traits.

Question 9

Molecular clocks are based primarily on rates of

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral mutations.
B)  favorable mutations.
C)  detrimental mutations.
D)  natural selection.
E)  horizontal gene transfer. A

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a principle used when constructing cladograms?

Accepted Answer

A)  All species or higher taxa are placed on tips in a phylogenetic tree.
B)  All species or higher taxa are placed on nodes in a phylogenetic tree.
C)  Each cladogram branch point should have one or more shared derived characters that are common to all species above the branch point,unless the character is later modified.
D)  All shared derived characters appear together only once in a cladogram unless they arose independently during evolution more than once.

Question 11

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that describes a phylogeny.A phylogeny is

Accepted Answer

A)  the evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
B)  the geographic distribution of populations in a species.
C)  the generations of individuals in a population.
D)  the distribution of species in a given area in time.
E)  a list of character traits of individual species set in a tree diagram.

Question 12

The science of describing,naming,and classifying extant and extinct organisms is

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution.
B)  phylogeny.
C)  taxonomy.
D)  nomenclature.
E)  biology.

Question 13

The figure shows a simplified phylogeny of closely related species of primates.This tree was proposed by comparing DNA sequence changes in the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II.The vertical scale represents time and the branch points represent common ancestors.What species did ancestor B give rise to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Siamangs and orangutans.
B)  All of the species except orangutans.
C)  All of the species except siamangs.
D)  All of the species except siamangs and pigmy chimps.
E)  Gorillas,humans,and both types of chimps.

Question 14

The mitochondrial genome would be most useful for studying evolutionary relationships among which group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  whales (members of the order Cetacea) 
B)  animals (members of the kingdom Animalia) 
C)  plants (members of the kingdom Plantae) 
D)  eukaryotes (members of the domain Eukarya) 
E)  all organisms (members of domains Bacteria,Archaea,and Eukarya)  A

Question 15

This tree is based on which type of traits and what is the genus name for the most recent horse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic (DN
A)  : Orohippus.
B)  Morphological: Equus.
C)  Molecular: Equus.
D)  Genetic homology: Pliohippus.
E)  Morphological: Hyracotherium.

Question 16

Which of the following organisms would NOT be classified in the Domain Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canis lupis (wolf) .
B)  Loxodonta cyclotis (forest elephant) .
C)  Salmonella enterica (bacteria that causes food poisoning) .
D)  Aleuria aurantia (ascomycete fungi) .
E)  Sequoiadendron giganteum (Giant Sequoia tree) .

Question 17

Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genes between

Accepted Answer

A)  two chromosomes in a nucleus.
B)  organelles within a cell.
C)  cells within a multicellular organism.
D)  different species,both prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
E)  prokaryotic species to different prokaryotic species.

Question 18

Molecular clocks are usually calibrated based on

Accepted Answer

A)  guesses about the rates of mutations in a particular gene.
B)  observed rates of mutation in a particular gene.
C)  the first shared common ancestor for species known from the fossil record.
D)  comparing the gene to similar genes in other kingdoms.
E)  the date when two species diverged from a common ancestor.

Question 19

When choosing among competing cladograms,the preferred hypothesis is the one that is the simplest for all characters and their states.This is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the maximum likelihood approach.
B)  the principle of parsimony.
C)  the Bayesian method.
D)  the molecular clock.
E)  the cladistic approach. B

Question 20

The idea that most of the genetic variation found in populations is not subject to natural selection is the basis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the principle of parsimony
B)  the neutral theory of evolution
C)  the maximum likelihood approach
D)  cladistics
E)  systematics

Exam 21: Taxonomy and Systematics

The study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms is

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the cladogram below.Which shared derived character is common to the lizard and rabbit but not the salmon?

Correct Answer
verified

Use the principle of parsimony and molecular genetic data to choose a phylogenetic tree for your hypothesis of how the extant species were derived from the ancestor.

Correct Answer
verified

__________ is a term that refers to similarities among various species that occur because the species are derived from a common ancestor.

Correct Answer
verified

Horizontal gene transfer is less prevalent in eukaryotic species because

Correct Answer
verified

The firefly (Photinus granulatus) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) are both members of the kingdom Animalia.This indicates that they must also both be members of the same

Correct Answer
verified

An assumption for the use of molecular clocks is that neutral mutations accumulate at a rapidly increasing rate over time between two species.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Molecular clocks are based primarily on rates of

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following is NOT a principle used when constructing cladograms?

Correct Answer
verified

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that describes a phylogeny.A phylogeny is

Correct Answer
verified

The science of describing,naming,and classifying extant and extinct organisms is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The mitochondrial genome would be most useful for studying evolutionary relationships among which group of organisms?

Correct Answer
verified
A

This tree is based on which type of traits and what is the genus name for the most recent horse?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following organisms would NOT be classified in the Domain Eukarya?

Correct Answer
verified

Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genes between

Correct Answer
verified

Molecular clocks are usually calibrated based on

Correct Answer
verified

When choosing among competing cladograms,the preferred hypothesis is the one that is the simplest for all characters and their states.This is also known as

Correct Answer
verified
B

The idea that most of the genetic variation found in populations is not subject to natural selection is the basis of:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: Taxonomy and Systematics

The study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the cladogram below.Which shared derived character is common to the lizard and rabbit but not the salmon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the principle of parsimony and molecular genetic data to choose a phylogenetic tree for your hypothesis of how the extant species were derived from the ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is a term that refers to similarities among various species that occur because the species are derived from a common ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Horizontal gene transfer is less prevalent in eukaryotic species because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The firefly (Photinus granulatus) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) are both members of the kingdom Animalia.This indicates that they must also both be members of the same

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An assumption for the use of molecular clocks is that neutral mutations accumulate at a rapidly increasing rate over time between two species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecular clocks are based primarily on rates of

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is NOT a principle used when constructing cladograms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that describes a phylogeny.A phylogeny is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The science of describing,naming,and classifying extant and extinct organisms is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mitochondrial genome would be most useful for studying evolutionary relationships among which group of organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

This tree is based on which type of traits and what is the genus name for the most recent horse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organisms would NOT be classified in the Domain Eukarya?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genes between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecular clocks are usually calibrated based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When choosing among competing cladograms,the preferred hypothesis is the one that is the simplest for all characters and their states.This is also known as

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The idea that most of the genetic variation found in populations is not subject to natural selection is the basis of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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A

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B

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