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The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid,tubular appendages called


A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) fimbriae.
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) .
E) sex pili.

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Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?


A) slime layer
B) fimbriae
C) cell membrane
D) capsule
E) All of the choices are correct.

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. As an RN in a primary care office, you recently took care of a 15-year-old patient with severe gastrointestinal distress. Since the patient had experienced diarrhea, vomiting, and a fever for 4 days, a stool culture was ordered in an attempt to identify a disease-causing pathogen. The laboratory results have just been faxed over to your office and you begin to read the data. -The report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis due to Salmonella infection.Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification,you assume that the laboratory technicians may have used


A) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because rRNA analysis was required in the identification of this pathogen.
B) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because its five volumes of information were necessary to create a phylogenetic tree for identification of this pathogen.
C) Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because they needed to fully understand the evolutionary background of the pathogen.
D) Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings.

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Boiling water (100 ∘\circ C)can normally destroy endospores.

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. As an RN in a primary care office, you recently took care of a 15-year-old patient with severe gastrointestinal distress. Since the patient had experienced diarrhea, vomiting, and a fever for 4 days, a stool culture was ordered in an attempt to identify a disease-causing pathogen. The laboratory results have just been faxed over to your office and you begin to read the data. -After reading all of the information,you place a call to the patient and inform him that he is suffering from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection.You explain to him that the ability of the technicians to identify the pathogen to the specific serotype was important to his treatment and was possible due to


A) the analysis of antibody reactions against the pathogen in specimens.
B) the analysis of bacterial growth on solid agar when the pathogen was cultured.
C) the analysis of Gram-stained specimens containing the pathogen.
D) the analysis of motility and biochemical reactions of the pathogen.

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Chemotaxis refers to the ability to


A) move in response to light.
B) move in response to a chemical.
C) not move in response to a chemical.
D) transport desired molecules into cells.
E) None of the choices is correct.

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All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the


A) inclusions.
B) fimbriae.
C) capsule.
D) slime layer.
E) outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

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Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?


A) The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
B) The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
C) The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D) Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.
E) The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. As a triage nurse in the ER, you begin the assessment of an elderly patient complaining of bloody diarrhea and severe stomach cramps. You find the patient has a fever of 104oF as well, and is showing signs of dehydration. IV fluids are administered while further analysis of the patient continues. -Based upon the information you have received from the laboratory,you inform the patient of his condition.In doing so,you tell him that this infection may be difficult to treat with antibiotics.Which part of the cell envelope restricts the passage of many of these drugs into gram-negative bacteria?


A) peptidoglycan
B) cell membrane
C) outer membrane layer
D) lipopolysaccharides

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Pili used for conjugation are only found on gram-negative bacteria.

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Which of the following is mismatched?


A) ribosomes - protein synthesis
B) inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials
C) plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
D) nucleoid - hereditary material
E) cytoplasm - dense,gelatinous solution

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A client has a serious case of the flu.A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood.The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan.You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be


A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
B) Borrelia burghdorferi.
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
E) Staphylococcus aureus.

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Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

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Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?


A) alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine
B) crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin
C) crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin
D) iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone
E) alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine

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Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called


A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) fimbriae.
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) .
E) sex pili.

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The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.


A) acid-fast
B) methylene blue
C) Gram
D) negative
E) basic

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_____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.


A) Pasteur's
B) Lister's
C) Bergey's
D) Leeuwenhoek's
E) Koch's

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Spirochetes are able to move due to


A) a periplasmic flagellum.
B) a membrane-bound flagellum.
C) cilia serving as walking feet.
D) pseudopods.
E) fimbriae.

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The cell _____ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane,the cell wall,and the outer membrane.


A) glycocalyx
B) envelope
C) pathogenic package
D) slime coat
E) None of the choices is correct.

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The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

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