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NextDoor is an instant messaging application for smartphones.New smartphone users find it easier to connect with friends and relatives through this mobile app when compared to other similar instant messaging applications.Hence,it has the largest user base in the industry.Thus,NextDoor app's value has increased primarily due to its


A) learning curve effects.
B) economies of scale.
C) economies of scope.
D) network effects.

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SyncTouch Inc.is a manufacturer of cell phones.It has released an improvised version of its smartphone in markets in which the company already operates.Which of the following types of innovations does this scenario best illustrate?


A) radical innovation
B) incremental innovation
C) architectural innovation
D) disruptive innovation

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Which of the following statements accurately brings out the distinction between the introduction and growth stages of the industry life cycle?


A) There is more strategic variety in the growth stage when compared to the introduction stage.
B) The number of competitors is more in the introduction stage than the growth stage.
C) The market size for a new product or service is larger in the introduction stage when compared to the growth stage.
D) While achieving market acceptance is the strategic objective during the introduction stage, the objective in the growth stage is to pursue a harvest strategy.

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After Jeff Bezos read about how the Internet was growing by 2,000 percent a month,he set out to use the Internet as a new distribution channel and founded Amazon,which is now the world's largest online retailer.This is clearly an example of a(n)


A) firm that uses closed innovation.
B) entrepreneur who commercialized invention into an innovation.
C) business that entered the industry during its maturity stage.
D) exception to the long tail business model.

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A(n) _____ leverages new technologies to attack existing markets.


A) disruptive innovation
B) incremental innovation
C) radical innovation
D) architectural innovation

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Which of the following accurately describes how Netflix used innovation to gain a competitive advantage?


A) Netflix moved from content development to upgrading its data analytics to provide faster online streaming.
B) Netflix applied big data analytics to its user preferences to provide highly personalized viewing recommendations.
C) Netflix moved from online streaming to online DVD rentals via the Internet.
D) Netflix applied first mover advantages to lock up talent needed to produce original content for DVD rentals and online streaming.

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Which of the following most accurately describes a difference between incremental innovation and radical innovation?


A) Incremental innovation researches new materials; radical innovation researches new processes.
B) Incremental innovation targets new markets and technologies; radical innovation reinvents markets and technologies.
C) Incremental innovation builds on an established knowledge base; radical innovation uses an entirely different knowledge base.
D) Incremental innovation draws on novel methods; radical innovation draws on proven methods.

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Which of the following is an open innovation principle?


A) The smart people in our field work for us.
B) To profit from R&D, we must discover it, develop it, and ship it ourselves.
C) If we discover it ourselves, we will get it to market first.
D) External R&D can create significant value.

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Which of the following statements is true of firms pursuing a closed innovation?


A) Firms following the closed innovation model are less likely to be prone to the not-invented-here syndrome.
B) Firms in the closed innovation model are extremely protective of their intellectual property.
C) Firms in the closed innovation model focus on building a more effective business model to commercialize R&D, rather than focusing on being first to market.
D) Firms following the closed innovation model will find activities such as spin-out ventures or strategic alliances crucial to commercialize their internally developed R&D.

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It is important for a firm to win over the early majority section of the market to ensure the commercial success of an innovation because they


A) are driven by technology concerns rather than the practicality of a new product.
B) influence the purchase decisions of early adopters.
C) enter into the market in large numbers, creating a herding effect.
D) have the highest purchasing power when compared to the other customer segments.

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Although TechnoWare Electronics Inc.still sells its VCR players,a product in its decline stage,the investments made by the company on improving or marketing the product are very low.The company has allocated the least amount of human and financial capital to this department.Which of the following strategies has TechnoWare Electronics adopted in this scenario?


A) harvest strategy
B) maintain strategy
C) consolidation strategy
D) differentiation strategy

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Canon was able to redesign the copying machine so that it didn't need professional service-reliability was built directly into the machine,and the user could replace parts,such as the cartridge.What Xerox had not envisioned was the possibility that the components of the copying machine could be put together in an altogether different way that was more user-friendly.This example describes


A) architectural innovation.
B) incremental innovation.
C) radical innovation.
D) disruptive innovation.

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Process innovation is more important than product innovation during the growth stage because


A) companies produce very few products during the growth stage, often just prototypes or beta versions.
B) technological and commercial uncertainties about a new product still exist during this stage.
C) it is more crucial to adopt the integration strategy during this stage.
D) a standard, in terms of engineering features and design choices, has been set across the industry.

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When Japanese carmakers attacked the existing U.S.automobile market by first offering small fuel-efficient cars,and then leveraging their low-cost and high-quality advantages into high-end luxury segments,they were engaging in


A) regressive innovation.
B) radical innovation.
C) disruptive innovation.
D) architectural innovation.

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When does a firm fall into the large competitive chasm between early adopters and early majority?


A) when it cannot attract technological enthusiasts to try the beta versions of its products
B) when it creates strong network effects during the growth stage
C) when it fails to successfully launch a mass-market version of its product
D) when the early majority create herding effects for its products

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Which of the following statements is true of technology enthusiasts?


A) They make up the largest market segment.
B) They are the customer segment in the maturity stage of the industry life cycle.
C) They are highly price conscious buyers.
D) They enjoy using beta versions of products and providing feedback to companies.

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The strategic objective of a first mover during the introduction stage of the industry life cycle is to


A) pursue a harvest strategy.
B) survive by drawing on deep pockets.
C) achieve market acceptance.
D) lower entry barriers.

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By introducing Vscan,a small,wireless ultrasound device,GE Healthcare (General Electric) was primarily trying to


A) cater to the healthcare needs of the developed countries over developing countries.
B) invade the healthcare market from the bottom up.
C) leverage existing technologies to attack new markets.
D) find a market for high-end, high-price diagnostic devices.

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Which of the following scenarios would be characteristic of an entrepreneur?


A) Rachel implemented a new and more efficient way to produce pottery.
B) Mary imitated a new, more efficient method of producing pottery.
C) Alissa scaled back the production of pottery because it wasn't cost effective.
D) Ursula used a proven marketing method to advertise her pottery.

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When a firm pursues a maintain strategy,it


A) exits a declining industry to maintain the goodwill of its overall brand name.
B) reduces investments in product support and allocates only a minimum of human and other resources.
C) continues to support marketing efforts even if the demand for the product is declining.
D) chooses to consolidate the industry by buying rival firms, those who plan to exit.

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