Question 1

The most common adjuvant is

Accepted Answer

A)   ethanol.
B)   formalin.
C)   alum.
D)   aluminum.
E)   alum AND aluminum.

Question 2

Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)   IgA
B)   IgG
C)   IgM
D)   IgD

Question 3

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the US, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

Accepted Answer

A)   If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination, our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time.
B)   There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the US, sparking an outbreak of new infections, if we aren't all properly vaccinated.
C)   By keeping the population vaccinated, we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low. This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the elderly) .
D)   Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious, and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne)  transmission. This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible. Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility.
E)   All of the options are correct.

Question 4

An immune complex is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   antigen combined with antigen.
B)   antigen combined with antibody.
C)   antibody combined with antibody.
D)   complement combined with LPS.

Question 5

A poorly understood, yet promising type of vaccine that causes the host to produce microbial antigens for a short time involves the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   subunits.
B)   DNA.
C)   alum.
D)   toxoids.
E)   glycoproteins.

Question 6

Attenuated agents

Accepted Answer

A)   may induce immunity after a single dose.
B)   may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.
C)   multiply in the body.
D)   may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains.
E)   All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

Accepted Answer

A)   primary substances.
B)   secondary substances.
C)   adjuvants.
D)   adjuncts.

Question 8

Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

Accepted Answer

A)   alcohol.
B)   phenol.
C)   formalin.
D)   histamine.

Question 9

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Peptide vaccines have proven to be cheap and very immunogenic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Serological tests are most often conducted in

Accepted Answer

A)   test tubes.
B)   flasks.
C)   microtiter plates.
D)   graduated cylinders.

Question 12

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A)   direct fluorescent antibody tests.
B)   indirect ELISA.
C)   Western blot.
D)   indirect fluorescent antibody tests.
E)   indirect ELISA, Western blot AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 13

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A)   direct fluorescent antibody tests.
B)   complement fixation test.
C)   radioimmunoassay.
D)   indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 14

Precipitation reactions carried out in agarose are called

Accepted Answer

A)   hemagglutination tests.
B)   complement fixation tests.
C)   immunodiffusion tests.
D)   RIA tests.

Question 15

Alum is an adjuvant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Almost all of the antibodies found in a newborn are

Accepted Answer

A)   the result of infection.
B)   self-made.
C)   IgM.
D)   the result of passive immunity.

Question 17

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The Salk vaccine

Accepted Answer

A)   protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection.
B)   protects only against gastrointestinal infection.
C)   is a subunit vaccine.
D)   protects only against nervous system infection.
E)   protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine.

Question 19

The scientist who made variolation safer and more effective was

Accepted Answer

A)   Pasteur.
B)   Jenner.
C)   Metchnikoff.
D)   Fleming.

Question 20

Blood for transfusion is frequently tested for AIDS by using the

Accepted Answer

A)   complement fixation test.
B)   radioimmunoassay test.
C)   ELISA method.
D)   RIA test.

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood for transfusion is frequently tested for AIDS by using the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serological tests are most often conducted in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Almost all of the antibodies found in a newborn are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A poorly understood, yet promising type of vaccine that causes the host to produce microbial antigens for a short time involves the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientist who made variolation safer and more effective was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An immune complex is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Precipitation reactions carried out in agarose are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peptide vaccines have proven to be cheap and very immunogenic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the US, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attenuated agents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Salk vaccine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alum is an adjuvant.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common adjuvant is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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