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Adaptations for terrestrialism in early tetrapods resulted in an air-filled cavity along with


A) mucous membrane-lined nostrils.
B) a complex nervous system.
C) internal embryo gestation.
D) an abdominal cavity.
E) double circulation.

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Describe five factors likely leading to the worldwide decline in amphibians.

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1. Habitat loss: Destruction and fragmen...

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Frog skin color is produced by cells called ________.

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How would you present the argument that the amphibians represent a "transitional" group - the very kind of group that "creation scientists" claim does not exist?

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One way to present the argument that amp...

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When a salamander retains juvenile features while it matures into an adult,what is the process called?


A) Precociousness
B) Spontaneous regeneration
C) Senescence
D) Prematurity
E) Paedomorphosis

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Frogs breathe using


A) negative pressure,similar to reptiles and mammals.
B) various absorptive surfaces but with no pneumatic system to ventilate those surfaces.
C) positive pressure breathing during which air is forced into the balloon-like lungs.
D) a bird-like circular air circulation.
E) gill modifications.

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The sequence of Eusthenopteron,Acanthostega,and Ichthyostega fossils show a progression in which of these?


A) Lung development
B) Egg-shell development
C) Loss of tail and gills
D) Limb development
E) All of the choices developed together.

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Outline the circulatory pathways of amphibians.

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Amphibians have a double circulatory sys...

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Amphibians were the first vertebrate invaders of land,but most still must return to the water to _____.


A) breed
B) breathe
C) feed
D) excrete

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A frog skeleton


A) has a vertebral column consisting of only nine vertebrae and a urostyle.
B) has a highly flexible vertebral column,an adaptation for transmitting force from the hindlimbs of the body.
C) is,like that of crossopterygian,entirely cartilaginous.
D) bears limbs with four digits on each hand and foot.
E) All of these choices are correct.

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Most of our familiar frogs belong to which large family?


A) Hylidae
B) Bufonidae
C) Ranidae
D) Plethodontidae
E) Anuridae

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______ glands in amphibians secrete defensive compounds.

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The __________ is a gilled adult of the Ambystoma genus found in Mexico and the southwestern United States.In dry conditions it may metamorphose to an air-breathing adult.


A) Axolotl
B) Amphioxus
C) Coelacanth
D) Lungless salamander
E) Mudskipper

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In frogs the most posterior vertebrae are fused together to form a rod-like ____________.

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The earliest tetrapod fossils show that they possessed a basic pattern of _________ digits per limb.


A) three
B) four
C) five
D) more than five
E) more than ten

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