Question 1

Over time, trait scores of independence tended to increase for all women except

Accepted Answer

A)  divorced mothers.
B)  the nulliparous.
C)  working mothers.
D)  homemakers.

Question 2

Kara is extremely sensitive to the feedback of other people.She most likely has a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  high level of self-esteem variability.
B)  overall low level of self-esteem.
C)  low mean level of self-esteem.
D)  extremely rigid sense of self-esteem.

Question 3

Trait levels of _____ and _____ tend to increase with age.

Accepted Answer

A)  agreeableness; openness to experience
B)  extraversion; openness to experience
C)  neuroticism; extraversion
D)  conscientiousness; agreeableness

Question 4

The traits of extraversion, neuroticism, and openness tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase substantially in a person's thirties.
B)  decline gradually with age until a person is about fifty years old.
C)  fluctuate greatly in mean level stability during adolescence.
D)  decrease markedly after a person reaches his or her sixties.

Question 5

If an individual maintains his or her rank order for a trait relative to a group, but changes the behaviors manifested by that trait over time that individual is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  mean level stability.
B)  rank order stability.
C)  personality coherence.
D)  validity coefficients.

Question 6

The architects classified as being "average" in a longitudinal, 25-year study, were found to

Accepted Answer

A)  have become somewhat more creative over the years, but not as much as the successful architects.
B)  score very low on conformity scales at both times data was collected in the study.
C)  have become less impulse and flexible and to have become more rigid as they aged.
D)  have considerably fewer health problems then the successful architects over the years.

Question 7

People who have high levels of self-esteem variability

Accepted Answer

A)  depend on others for their sense of self-worth.
B)  score high on measures of self-esteem level.
C)  score low on measures of self-esteem level.
D)  react positively to objectively defined negative events.

Question 8

Which level of analysis would consider the question, "Can we predict healthy aging from personality traits?"

Accepted Answer

A)  Population
B)  Group differences
C)  Individual differences
D)  Cultural differences

Question 9

Freud's theory of psychosexual stages is an example of personality change at the _____ level of analysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  population
B)  group differences
C)  individual differences
D)  individual uniqueness

Question 10

Which of the following concepts does Gandhi's life best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  How a personality changes over time.
B)  How a personality can remain stable over time.
C)  The concept of rank order stability.
D)  Traits that are correlated with leadership skills.

Question 11

Women who score high on the femininity scale of the California Psychological Inventory (compared to low scorers)  are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  remember an acquaintance's birthday.
B)  take charge of a committee meeting.
C)  take the initiative in sexual encounters.
D)  demand equal social and political rights

Question 12

Research suggests that children classified as bullies in the 6th grade

Accepted Answer

A)  will be more popular in the 10th grade.
B)  will become "whipping boys" by the 7th grade.
C)  are more likely to commit criminal acts in adulthood.
D)  are more likely to have been bullied by parents.

Question 13

An example of _____ would be that ambivalently attached babies cry when their mothers leave them, and that later in life as adults these individuals have many short-lived relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  mean level stability
B)  mean level change
C)  rank order stability
D)  personality coherence

Question 14

Buss, Block, and Block's longitudinal study of activity level found

Accepted Answer

A)  stability in activity level over time.
B)  less stability over short intervals.
C)  more stability over long intervals.
D)  a lack of personality coherence.

Question 15

Researchers have found that personality stability

Accepted Answer

A)  does not change reliably over time.
B)  tends to decrease with age.
C)  tends to increase with age.
D)  is best estimated by validity coefficients.

Question 16

A study found that men who had many childhood temper tantrums later

Accepted Answer

A)  achieved higher levels of academic success.
B)  were more likely to be divorced.
C)  had more successful military careers.
D)  achieved great financial success.

Question 17

A longitudinal study of architects that spanned 25 years found that

Accepted Answer

A)  successful architects scored high on independence and spontaneity scales.
B)  successful architects scored high on conventionality and conservatism scales.
C)  impulsivity and flexibility scale scores increased with age for successful architects.
D)  successful architects had fewer health problems then less creative architects.

Question 18

_____ usually is/are defined as the individual differences that show up early in life and are likely to be heritable and involved in behaviors linked with emotionality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits
B)  Temperament
C)  Individual differences
D)  Dispositions

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of a topic at the group level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male versus female differences in empathy toward others.
B)  Cultural differences in coming of age rituals.
C)  Arousal differences that correlate with extraversion.
D)  Ethnic differences in body satisfaction.

Question 20

When people in marriages have similar personalities,

Accepted Answer

A)  they are more likely to divorce.
B)  their personalities remain more stable over time.
C)  their personalities change more over time.
D)  their personalities are neither more nor less likely to change over time.

Exam 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

The traits of extraversion, neuroticism, and openness tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The architects classified as being "average" in a longitudinal, 25-year study, were found to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ usually is/are defined as the individual differences that show up early in life and are likely to be heritable and involved in behaviors linked with emotionality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's theory of psychosexual stages is an example of personality change at the _____ level of analysis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over time, trait scores of independence tended to increase for all women except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an individual maintains his or her rank order for a trait relative to a group, but changes the behaviors manifested by that trait over time that individual is exhibiting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait levels of _____ and _____ tend to increase with age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who have high levels of self-esteem variability

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people in marriages have similar personalities,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Buss, Block, and Block's longitudinal study of activity level found

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a topic at the group level of analysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kara is extremely sensitive to the feedback of other people.She most likely has a/an

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which level of analysis would consider the question, "Can we predict healthy aging from personality traits?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A longitudinal study of architects that spanned 25 years found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following concepts does Gandhi's life best illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study found that men who had many childhood temper tantrums later

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of _____ would be that ambivalently attached babies cry when their mothers leave them, and that later in life as adults these individuals have many short-lived relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women who score high on the femininity scale of the California Psychological Inventory (compared to low scorers) are more likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that personality stability

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that children classified as bullies in the 6th grade

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Trait levels of _ and _ tend to increase with age.

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