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As a general rule,oligopoly exists when the four-firm concentration ratio:


A) exceeds the Herfindahl index.
B) is less than the Herfindahl index.
C) is 40 percent or more.
D) is 15 percent or more.

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When a monopolistically competitive firm is in long-run equilibrium:


A) P = MC = ATC.
B) MR = MC and minimum ATC > P.
C) MR > MC and P = minimum ATC.
D) MR = MC and P > minimum ATC.

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Under monopolistic competition,entry to the industry is:


A) completely free of barriers.
B) more difficult than under pure competition but not nearly as difficult as under pure monopoly.
C) more difficult than under pure monopoly.
D) blocked.

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A significant difference between a monopolistically competitive firm and a purely competitive firm is that the:


A) former does not seek to maximize profits.
B) latter recognizes that price must be reduced to sell more output.
C) former sells similar,although not identical,products.
D) former's demand curve is perfectly inelastic.

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If the firms in an oligopolistic industry can establish an effective cartel,the resulting output and price will approximate those of:


A) a purely competitive producer.
B) a pure monopoly.
C) a monopolistically competitive producer.
D) an industry with a low four-firm concentration ratio.

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In repeated games,players may be willing to accept lower payoffs in the short run in exchange for greater net payoffs over the long run.

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Negative-sum games do not exist because neither player has an incentive to play the game.

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The four-firm sales concentration ratio for an industry measures the:


A) geographic concentration of firms.
B) extent to which the four largest firms dominate the production of a good.
C) percentage of the industry's capital facilities owned by the four largest firms.
D) degree of X-inefficiency in the industry.

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Which of the following nations is not a member of the OPEC oil cartel?


A) Saudi Arabia.
B) Iran.
C) Venezuela.
D) Norway.

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In the long run,a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm sets it price:


A) above marginal cost.
B) below marginal cost.
C) equal to marginal revenue.
D) equal to marginal cost.

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(Last Word) Microsoft:


A) dominates the primary Internet markets.
B) is attempting to gain market share in the Internet,smartphone,and tablet markets in an effort to offset a shrinking PC market.
C) has colluded with Amazon and Google to fix online advertising prices.
D) holds a near-monopoly in the Internet search market.

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(Last Word) Which of the following statements best describes the Internet market structure?


A) It is highly competitive,with many providers and no firms in a dominant position.
B) There are a few large firms,such as Google,Facebook,and Amazon,but they each occupy their own niche and don't infringe on the others' territories.
C) There are a few large firms,such as Google,Facebook,and Amazon,each dominating a particular sector but always trying to gain market share in another sector.
D) It is comprised of firms that have been granted monopolies by the government and are highly regulated.

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The price elasticity of a monopolistically competitive firm's demand curve varies:


A) inversely with the number of competitors and the degree of product differentiation.
B) directly with the number of competitors and the degree of product differentiation.
C) directly with the number of competitors but inversely with the degree of product differentiation.
D) inversely with the number of competitors but directly with the degree of product differentiation.

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A simultaneous game is said to exist when:


A) firms are playing pricing games in different markets at the same time.
B) firms choose their strategies at the same time as their rivals.
C) firms can set multiple prices for the same good at the same time.
D) strategies are set without regard to possible interactions in future time periods.

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The monopolistically competitive seller maximizes profit by producing at the point where:


A) total revenue is at a maximum.
B) average costs are at a minimum.
C) marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
D) price equals marginal revenue.

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Answer the question on the basis of the following demand and cost data for a specific firm:  Demand Data Cost Data (1)   Price $11.009.999.008.007.106.005.15 (2)  Price$10.008.858.007.006.105.004.15 (3)  Quantity6789101112 Output 6789101112 Total Cost$61626467727986\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text { Demand Data}}\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\underline{\text { Cost Data}} \\\begin{array}{c}\text { (1) }\\\underline{\text { Price } }\\ \$ 11.00 \\9.99 \\9.00 \\8.00 \\7.10 \\6.00 \\5.15\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { (2) }\\\underline{\text { Price}}\\\$ 10.00 \\8.85\\8.00\\7.00\\6.10\\5.00\\4.15\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { (3) }\\\underline{\text { Quantity}}\\6 \\7 \\8 \\9 \\10 \\11 \\12\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\\\underline{\text { Output }} \\6 \\7 \\8 \\9 \\10 \\11 \\12 \end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { Total}\\\underline{\text { Cost}} \\ \$ 61 \\62 \\64 \\67 \\72 \\79 \\86\end{array}\end{array} Refer to the data.If columns (1) and (3) of the demand data shown are this firm's demand schedule,economic profit will be:


A) $10.
B) $19.
C) $6.
D) $8.

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Generally speaking,oligopolistic industries producing raw materials and semifinished goods usually offer differentiated products,while oligopolists producing consumer goods usually offer standardized products.

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Product variety is likely to be greater in:


A) monopolistic competition than in pure competition.
B) pure competition than in monopolistic competition.
C) homogeneous oligopoly than in monopolistic competition.
D) homogeneous oligopoly than in differentiated oligopoly.

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The economic profits earned by monopolistically competitive sellers are zero in the long run.

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Answer the question on the basis of the following demand and cost data for a specific firm:  Demand Data Cost Data (1)   Price $11.009.999.008.007.106.005.15 (2)  Price$10.008.858.007.006.105.004.15 (3)  Quantity6789101112 Output 6789101112 Total Cost$61626467727986\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text { Demand Data}}\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\underline{\text { Cost Data}} \\\begin{array}{c}\text { (1) }\\\underline{\text { Price } }\\ \$ 11.00 \\9.99 \\9.00 \\8.00 \\7.10 \\6.00 \\5.15\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { (2) }\\\underline{\text { Price}}\\\$ 10.00 \\8.85\\8.00\\7.00\\6.10\\5.00\\4.15\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { (3) }\\\underline{\text { Quantity}}\\6 \\7 \\8 \\9 \\10 \\11 \\12\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\\\underline{\text { Output }} \\6 \\7 \\8 \\9 \\10 \\11 \\12 \end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { Total}\\\underline{\text { Cost}} \\ \$ 61 \\62 \\64 \\67 \\72 \\79 \\86\end{array}\end{array} Refer to the data.Suppose that entry into the industry changes this firm's demand schedule from columns (1) and (3) shown to columns (2) and (3) .Economic profit will:


A) fall by $10.
B) fall to $6.
C) increase by $10.
D) decline to zero.

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