Question 1

The integration of taste (sweet vs salty) and smell (fish vs orange) was investigated in cats.Each cat received one taste-smell combination and was then given a preference test.The design of this experiment is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Between subjects
B)   Within subjects
C)   Mixed
D)   Quasi-experimental

Question 2

If a factorial design is conducted in which each subject experiences each condition at least once,then it is a

Accepted Answer

A)   between subjects design
B)   within subjects design
C)   mixed design
D)   all of these

Question 3

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) .
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.Suppose your results indicated a main effect for attractiveness as your only significant finding.This would mean that

Accepted Answer

A)   Attractiveness alone was responsible for juror guilt decisions
B)   Facial expression alone was responsible for juror guilt decisions
C)   Both attractiveness and facial expression was responsible for juror guilt decisions
D)   Nothing; You can never believe main effects in a factorial experiment

Question 4

With a synergistic interaction,

Accepted Answer

A)   higher levels of one independent variable increases the effect of another independent variable
B)   higher levels of one independent variable decrease another independent variable
C)   there is a main effect of one independent variable but not the other
D)   None of these are true. You can't interpret a synergistic interaction without knowing which independent variable you are talking about

Question 5

What is the advantage of a factorial design over a single-factor design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the advantage of a factorial...

Question 6

In a single experiment,amount of reward and type of reward are simultaneously varied.Subjects are randomly assigned to one of three amount-of-reward conditions.Each subject is tested once with one type of reward and once with a second type of reward.What type of design does this study represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   one variable within-subjects
B)   one variable between-subjects
C)   mixed factorial
D)   within-subjects factorial design

Question 7

How many conditions are in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   3
B)   6
C)   9
D)   12 C

Question 8

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.This represents a ____ design

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple condition
B)   Latin square
C)   posttest-pretest
D)   factorial

Question 9

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) .
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)   Attractiveness
B)   Facial Expression
C)   Guilty Verdict
D)   The jurors

Question 10

In a certain study,black and white teachers from a large inner city school were asked to rate the same black and white students for "adaptive behavior" on a behavior rating scale.The two factors in the experiment,then,were teacher ethnicity and pupil ethnicity.On average,white teachers rated black pupils 32,and white pupils 50.On average,black teachers rated black pupils 47,and white pupils 30.Both null hypotheses for the main effects were tenable,but there was significant interaction between the teacher ethnicity and pupil ethnicity factors.Graph the means and discuss the nature of the interaction and your conclusions.What type of interaction is present?

Accepted Answer

To graph the means, we can create a bar ...

Question 11

How does the interpretation of the results of a factorial experiment differ when it only includes significant main effects as opposed to both significant main effects and significant interactions?

Accepted Answer

In a factorial experiment, researchers investigate the effects of two or more factors (independent variables) across multiple levels, and they are interested in both the main effects of each factor and the interaction effects between factors. The interpretation of the results can differ significantly depending on whether only significant main effects are found or if both significant main effects and significant interactions are present.

**Significant Main Effects Only:**

When a factorial experiment reveals significant main effects but no significant interactions, the interpretation is relatively straightforward. Each main effect represents the average influence of one factor across the levels of the other factors. In this case, the factors are acting independently of each other, and the effect of one factor on the dependent variable does not depend on the levels of the other factors.

For example, if a study is looking at the effects of two drugs (Drug A and Drug B) on blood pressure, and each drug has two levels (low dose and high dose), finding significant main effects for both drugs but no interaction would suggest that both drugs are effective in altering blood pressure independently of each other. The effect of Drug A is consistent regardless of the dose of Drug B, and vice versa.

**Significant Main Effects and Significant Interactions:**

When both significant main effects and significant interactions are found, the interpretation becomes more complex. A significant interaction indicates that the effect of one factor depends on the level of another factor. In other words, the factors do not operate independently; instead, their effects on the dependent variable are interdependent.

Continuing with the previous example, if there is a significant interaction between Drug A and Drug B, it means that the effectiveness of Drug A in altering blood pressure may depend on the dose of Drug B, and vice versa. For instance, Drug A may only be effective at a high dose when Drug B is at a low dose. In this case, the simple main effects (the effect of one factor at a specific level of another factor) need to be examined to fully understand the nature of the interaction.

In summary, when interpreting the results of a factorial experiment:

- With only significant main effects, each factor can be considered independently, and recommendations or conclusions can be made about each factor without considering the levels of other factors.
- With both significant main effects and significant interactions, the factors cannot be considered independently. The interaction must be probed to understand how the levels of one factor influence the effect of another factor. This often requires a more detailed analysis, such as plotting interaction graphs or conducting simple effects tests to explore the nature of the interaction.

In both cases, it is crucial to report and interpret the results accurately, as the presence or absence of interactions can have important implications for theory, practice, and future research directions.

Question 12

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is an interaction,you need to consider the

Accepted Answer

A)   row means
B)   column means
C)   cell means
D)   printout of the statistics

Question 13

The results of a 2 x 2 experiment will fit one of ____ possible patterns

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   4
C)   6
D)   8

Question 14

If babies play longer with green fuzzy toys than yellow fuzzy toys,green smooth toys,or yellow smooth toys,then

Accepted Answer

A)   You have a main effect of fuzziness
B)   You have a main effect of color
C)   You have an interaction between color and fuzziness
D)   Fuzziness is a confounding variable and the results can't be believed

Question 15

In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   one-variable within-subjects design
B)   one-variable between subjects design
C)   between-subjects factorial design
D)   mixed factorial design

Question 16

There is an interaction if

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no main effect of either Variable A or Variable B
B)   the effect of Variable A depends on whether there is a main effect of Variable B
C)   there is a main effect of both Variable A and Variable B
D)   the effect of Variable A depends on the level of B D

Question 17

Which one of the following statements is always true when an interaction exists between the variables in a factorial design?

Accepted Answer

A)   the effect of one independent variable depends, to some extent, on which level of the second variable is considered
B)   One independent variable has an effect regardless of the level of a second variable
C)   there is as least one significant main effect
D)   all of these

Question 18

Factorial designs are used mainly to

Accepted Answer

A)   control for statistical regression
B)   collect data that can be entered into a factor analysis
C)   test for the interaction of several variables in the same experiment
D)   all of these

Question 19

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of B?

Accepted Answer

A)   yes
B)   no
C)   can't tell
D)   It depends on which level of A you consider

Question 20

A major advantage of a two-factor analysis of variance over a one-factor analysis of variance is that

Accepted Answer

A)   power is often increased
B)   the denominator of the F-test is increased
C)   interaction between factors can be identified
D)   both a and c

Exam 12: True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

The integration of taste (sweet vs salty) and smell (fish vs orange) was investigated in cats.Each cat received one taste-smell combination and was then given a preference test.The design of this experiment is:

Correct Answer
verified

If a factorial design is conducted in which each subject experiences each condition at least once,then it is a

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

With a synergistic interaction,

Correct Answer
verified

What is the advantage of a factorial design over a single-factor design?

Correct Answer
verified

In a single experiment,amount of reward and type of reward are simultaneously varied.Subjects are randomly assigned to one of three amount-of-reward conditions.Each subject is tested once with one type of reward and once with a second type of reward.What type of design does this study represent?

Correct Answer
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How many conditions are in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment?

Correct Answer
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C

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.This represents a ____ design

Correct Answer
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Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) . Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The dependent variable is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
To graph the means, we can create a bar ...
View Answer

How does the interpretation of the results of a factorial experiment differ when it only includes significant main effects as opposed to both significant main effects and significant interactions?

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is an interaction,you need to consider the

Correct Answer
verified

The results of a 2 x 2 experiment will fit one of ____ possible patterns

Correct Answer
verified

If babies play longer with green fuzzy toys than yellow fuzzy toys,green smooth toys,or yellow smooth toys,then

Correct Answer
verified

In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?

Correct Answer
verified

There is an interaction if

Correct Answer
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D

Which one of the following statements is always true when an interaction exists between the variables in a factorial design?

Correct Answer
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Factorial designs are used mainly to

Correct Answer
verified

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of B?

Correct Answer
verified

A major advantage of a two-factor analysis of variance over a one-factor analysis of variance is that

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

The integration of taste (sweet vs salty) and smell (fish vs orange) was investigated in cats.Each cat received one taste-smell combination and was then given a preference test.The design of this experiment is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a factorial design is conducted in which each subject experiences each condition at least once,then it is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With a synergistic interaction,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the advantage of a factorial design over a single-factor design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a single experiment,amount of reward and type of reward are simultaneously varied.Subjects are randomly assigned to one of three amount-of-reward conditions.Each subject is tested once with one type of reward and once with a second type of reward.What type of design does this study represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many conditions are in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.This represents a ____ design

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) . Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The dependent variable is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AITo graph the means, we can create a bar ...View AnswerShow Answer

How does the interpretation of the results of a factorial experiment differ when it only includes significant main effects as opposed to both significant main effects and significant interactions?

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is an interaction,you need to consider the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results of a 2 x 2 experiment will fit one of ____ possible patterns

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If babies play longer with green fuzzy toys than yellow fuzzy toys,green smooth toys,or yellow smooth toys,then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is an interaction if

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which one of the following statements is always true when an interaction exists between the variables in a factorial design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Factorial designs are used mainly to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of B?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major advantage of a two-factor analysis of variance over a one-factor analysis of variance is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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Answered by ExamLex AI
To graph the means, we can create a bar ...
View Answer

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D

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