Question 1

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a ___________ neuron,and releases the neurotransmitter ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) 
B)  postganglionic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
C)  preganglionic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
D)  postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) 
E)  somatic; norepinephrine (N
E)

Question 2

Sympathetic fibers arise only from the __________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
B)  thoracic and lumbar
C)  thoracic
D)  cervical
E)  lumbar

Question 3

The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Most preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  no neurons
B)  somatic neurons
C)  parasympathetic neurons
D)  10-20 postganglionic neurons
E)  effectors directly

Question 5

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory receptor  →\rarr→  interneuron  →\rarr→  afferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  efferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  gland
B)  Sensory receptor  →\rarr→  efferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  interneuron  →\rarr→  afferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  gland
C)  Sensory receptor  →\rarr→  afferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  interneuron  →\rarr→  efferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  gland
D)  Sensory receptor  →\rarr→  efferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  afferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  interneuron  →\rarr→  gland
E)  Sensory receptor  →\rarr→  interneuron  →\rarr→  efferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  afferent nerve fiber  →\rarr→  gland

Question 7

Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood clotting
B)  blood flow to the skeletal muscles
C)  sweating
D)  hair erection
E)  gastrointestinal motility

Question 8

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine (noradrenaline) 
B)  dopamine
C)  endorphins
D)  acetylcholine (ACh) 
E)  epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 9

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

All autonomic output originates in the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The sympathetic chain of ganglia is found at the __________ levels of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical and thoracic
B)  thoracic and lumbar
C)  thoracic, lumbar and sacral
D)  sacral, lumbar and coccygeal
E)  cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Question 12

Binding of norepinephrine (NE)to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory,and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Sympathetic effects tend to last __________ than parasympathetic effects.One reason is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
B)  longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
C)  about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters
D)  shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E)  
E)  longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  changing the diameter of the pupil
B)  adjusting heart rate and force
C)  altering salivary mucus secretion
D)  regulating gastrointestinal motility
E)  maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck

Question 17

All preganglionic fibers of the ANS pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia,synapsing at least once there.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its effects are local.
B)  The terminal ganglia are very close to or within their target organs.
C)  It originates in the craniosacral regions of the CNS.
D)  It has short preganglionic fibers.
E)  It has short postganglionic fibers.

Question 20

Acetylcholine (ACh)binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a ___________ neuron,and releases the neurotransmitter ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All preganglionic fibers of the ANS pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia,synapsing at least once there.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Binding of norepinephrine (NE)to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory,and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sympathetic chain of ganglia is found at the __________ levels of the spinal cord.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic fibers arise only from the __________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All autonomic output originates in the central nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic effects tend to last __________ than parasympathetic effects.One reason is that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a _ neuron,and releases the neurotransmitter _.

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Sympathetic effects tend to last than parasympathetic effects.One reason is that .

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