Exam 10: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

A) Interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division.
B) Interkinesis is the stage that precedes a prophase stage.
C) Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not.
D) Interkinesis can be variable in length.

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A) the process of fertilization
B) the life cycle of a fungus
C) the process of crossing-over
D) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over
E) the period between meiosis I and meiosis II

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A) offspring will be identical to one another and demonstrate traits exactly halfway between the parents' traits.
B) offspring can vary from receiving over 99% of one parent's genes to receiving over 99% of the other parent's genes.
C) offspring inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent,but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent,and further variation may occur due to crossing-over.
D) offspring inherit copies of the same 23 pair of chromosomes from each of their parents but the rate of crossing-over makes them very dissimilar.
E) there is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent,times two because there are two parents; therefore,two siblings out of every 46 are really identical except for crossing-over.

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A) At the end of anaphase I,each chromosome is composed of two chromatids and at the end of anaphase II,sister chromatids have separated,becoming daughter chromosomes
B) Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell.
C) Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II while homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I.
D) The cell undergoing anaphase II is genetically different from what it contained while undergoing anaphase I.

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A) gamete.
B) sperm cell.
C) zygote.
D) egg cell.
E) ovum.

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A) another name for an egg cell.
B) a precursor cell that becomes an egg cell.
C) a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell.
D) the cell produced when fertilization occurs.

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A) species X and Y will have an equal chance of surviving.
B) species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X.
C) species X should have a better chance of surviving than species Y.
D) neither species should have an advantage in surviving since organisms often become extinct when the environment changes.

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A) 26
B) 48
C) 112
D) 24

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A) crossing over in Prophase I of meiosis
B) independent assortment in Metaphase I of meiosis
C) fertilization
D) All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.
E) None of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

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A) it is caused by autosomal trisomy 21
B) in 23% of cases,the sperm contributes the extra chromosome
C) it is the most common trisomy in humans
D) chances of a woman having a child with Down Syndrome decreases with her age

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A) crossing over
B) nuclear envelope dissolves
C) chromatin condenses into chromosomes
D) centrioles appear in animal cells

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A) At the cellular level is the opposite of reproduction since it involves two cells fusing to become one.
B) It requires the development of organs such as the uterus,which are of no immediate survival advantage to the individual but are advantageous to the species.
C) It regularly produces a wider array of adaptations to the external environment in a shorter period of time.
D) It regularly produces a wider array of adaptations to the internal environment (disease agents,parasites) in a shorter period of time.
E) All of the choices are true.

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A) It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells.
B) It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.
C) It produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes.
D) It increases chromosome condensation.
E) It separates the homologous chromosomes.

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