Question 1

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Figure: 
-Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)   The gibbon is more closely related to the rhesus monkey than to the chimpanzee.
B)   The galago is more closely related to the green monkey than to the capuchin.
C)   The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a common ancestor with the gibbon and chimpanzee.
D)   The gibbon does not share a common ancestor with the chimpanzee or human.
E)   The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a more recent common ancestor than do the chimpanzee and human.

Question 3

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether

Accepted Answer

A)   resulting species are reproductively isolated or not.
B)   gene flow continues to occur or not.
C)   two or three species result.
D)   geographic isolation is required or not.
E)   the new species are separated by a prezygotic or postzygotic isolating mechanism.

Question 4

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   plants
B)   humans
C)   birds
D)   fish
E)   insects

Question 5

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   specific epithet
B)   genus
C)   binomial name
D)   family name
E)   order name

Question 6

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse
B)   the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow
C)   the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale
D)   the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human
E)   the wings of a bird and the forelimb of a reptile B

Question 7

Elaborate courtship behaviors in animals, such as the blue-footed booby of the Galápagos islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral isolation
B)   mechanical isolation
C)   temporal isolation
D)   postzygotic isolation
E)   hybrid sterility

Question 8

The term parsimony implies that

Accepted Answer

A)   the three domain system is superior to the five kingdom system of classification.
B)   molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology.
C)   the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion.
D)   smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades.
E)   shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms.

Question 9

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic
B)   Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic
C)   Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous
D)   Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian
E)   Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene

Question 10

Homologous structures

Accepted Answer

A)   have identical functions.
B)   have fully divergent functions.
C)   are also called analogous structures.
D)   are shared by organisms of the same genus.
E)   are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

Question 11

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   hybrid sterility.
B)   zygote mortality.
C)   prezygotic isolation.
D)   temporal isolation.
E)   allopatric speciation.

Question 12

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 13

Two species are said to be closely related if they

Accepted Answer

A)   possess a common ancestor.
B)   can interbreed, but not produce fertile offspring.
C)   are reproductively isolated from each other.
D)   have a shared gene pool.
E)   can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 14

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A clade includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   an outgroup and an ingroup
B)   a common ancestor and all its descendant species
C)   one taxa with shared derived characters
D)   both an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters
E)   the ingroup only

Question 16

Shared derived traits

Accepted Answer

A)   are shared only by common ancestors.
B)   are shared by all organisms on the cladogram.
C)   are found within members of the outgroup.
D)   are homologies found in only certain members of the ingroup.
E)   are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup.

Question 17

Figure: 
-Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)   A combination of molecular data, fossil records, and anatomical homologies show the human is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the green monkey.
B)   The green monkey and rhesus monkey cannot reproduce with each other because of a postzygotic isolating mechanism.
C)   The chimpanzee and human must have evolved as a result of allopatric speciation.
D)   There is no single common ancestor to all of the organisms displayed on this phylogenetic tree.
E)   The gibbon and human are no more closely related than the green monkey and human are. A

Question 18

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history?

Accepted Answer

A)   plate tectonics
B)   habitat loss
C)   meteorite impacts
D)   continental drift
E)   punctuated equilibrium

Question 19

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found

Accepted Answer

A)   in only the two most recent ancestors.
B)   only among the members of the ingroup.
C)   in both the outgroup and the ingroup.
D)   in two of the outgroups.
E)   only in the most distant ancestor.

Question 20

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Accepted Answer

A)   gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway.
B)   only after older species disappear from the fossil record.
C)   suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change.
D)   gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway.
E)   gradually, but over very short periods of time, so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record.

Exam 16: Evolution on a Large Scale

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure: -Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Elaborate courtship behaviors in animals, such as the blue-footed booby of the Galápagos islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term parsimony implies that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Homologous structures

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Two species are said to be closely related if they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A clade includes which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shared derived traits

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure: -Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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True

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A

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