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This many ATP equivalents are required to produce one molecule of urea from ammonia:


A) One ATP equivalent.
B) Two ATP equivalents.
C) Three ATP equivalents.
D) Four ATP equivalents.
E) Six ATP equivalents.

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Many biological reactions are endergonic.Explain how it is possible that these reactions occur spontaneously.

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Endergonic reactions such as the convers...

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The term ketogenic amino acids refers to amino acids


A) that are precursors for glucose synthesis.
B) that are degraded to yield acetyl CoA or acetoacetate
C) that can not be converted to fatty acids or ketone bodies.
D) that are degraded to yield succinyl-CoA,pyruvate,a-ketoglutarate,fumarate and oxaloacetate.
E) None of these.

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The appropriate sequence in the biosynthesis of proline from glutamate is: The appropriate sequence in the biosynthesis of proline from glutamate is: A) 4,2,1,3 B) 4,1,2,3 C) 1,4,3,2 D) 1,4,2,3 E) 2,3,1,4


A) 4,2,1,3
B) 4,1,2,3
C) 1,4,3,2
D) 1,4,2,3
E) 2,3,1,4

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The coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in its active form has all the following characteristics except:


A) It is covalently bonded to its enzyme.
B) It possesses a phosphate group.
C) It bonds to an amine group by means of the phosphate group.
D) All of these characteristics are true.
E) All of these characteristics are false.

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By a simple transamination reaction,intermediates in the Citric Acid Cycle can be converted in one step to all of these amino acids,except:


A) Alanine
B) Aspartic acid
C) Glutamic acid
D) Cysteine
E) All of these amino acids are only one step away from the major metabolic pathways.

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The two nitrogens in urea arise directly from:


A) Ammonia and aspartic acid
B) Carbamoyl phosphate and glutamic acid
C) Ammonia and glutamic acid
D) Carbamoyl phosphate and glutamine

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A

What reaction does glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyze?


A) The oxidative deamination of glutamate to yield a-ketoglutarate.
B) Phosphorylation of carbamate to yield carbamoyl phosphate.
C) The amidation of the g carboxyl group of glutamate to form glutamine.
D) The deadenylation of glutamine synthetase (GS) .
E) The adenylation of glutamine synthetase.

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A

The following shows a part of the biosynthetic pathway of amino acids.If possible,draw an arrow to match the amino acid with its precursor.The following shows a part of the biosynthetic pathway of amino acids.If possible,draw an arrow to match the amino acid with its precursor.

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All of the following are true of transamination except:


A) It is characterized by the transfer of an a-amino group from an amino acid to the a-keto position of an a-keto acid.
B) The amino donor becomes an a-keto acid.
C) The coenzyme needed is thiamine diphosphate.
D) The a-keto acid acceptor becomes an a-amino acid.

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Amino acids biosynthesized from aspartate include all except:


A) asparagine
B) threonine
C) methionine
D) lysine
E) glutamate

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Write a mechanism for the nonenzymatic transformation of glutamate semialdehyde into 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.Which amino acid is synthesized from 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate in vivo? Write a mechanism for the nonenzymatic transformation of glutamate semialdehyde into 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.Which amino acid is synthesized from 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate in vivo?

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blured image proline is synthesi...

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Write a mechanism for the formation of a-iminoglutarate from glutamate employing NAD+ as the oxidizing coenzyme.Write a mechanism for the formation of a-iminoglutarate from glutamate employing NAD<sup>+</sup> as the oxidizing coenzyme.

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Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions. Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions. a) Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction? b) This reaction is part of: a. the citric acid cycle. b. the urea cycle. c. a biosynthetic pathway of amino acids d.the catabolism of amino acid carbon chains. a) Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction? Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions. a) Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction? b) This reaction is part of: a. the citric acid cycle. b. the urea cycle. c. a biosynthetic pathway of amino acids d.the catabolism of amino acid carbon chains. b) This reaction is part of: a. the citric acid cycle. b. the urea cycle. c. a biosynthetic pathway of amino acids d.the catabolism of amino acid carbon chains.

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Glucogenic amino acids include all of the following,except:


A) Glycine
B) Alanine
C) Aspartic acid
D) Leucine
E) All of these amino acids are glucogenic.

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D

Draw the structure of the product formed when the substance shown below undergoes amide formation.Draw the structure of the product formed when the substance shown below undergoes amide formation.

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In the process of amino acid biosynthesis,how are glutamic acid,glutamine,proline,and arginine all related?


A) They are all derived from a-ketoglutarate.
B) They are all derivatives of acetyl CoA.
C) They are all derivatives of pyruvate.
D) They are all derived from aspartate.
E) They are all derivatives of 3-phosphoglycerate.

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What amino acid is the following a-keto acid derived from?What amino acid is the following a-keto acid derived from? glutamic acid glutamic acid

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The key functional group in the PLP-dependent transamination of an a-amino acid is an activated


A) amine
B) imine
C) amide
D) enamine

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The carbon skeletons of specific amino acids cannot be used to replenish which of the following species associated with the citric acid cycle?


A) pyruvate
B) citrate
C) fumarate
D) succinyl CoA
E) all of these can be used

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