Question 1

What does the following element description actually mean?  O

Accepted Answer

A)  an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons
B)  an oxygen atom with 6 neutrons and 12 protons
C)  6 oxygen atoms with 18 neutrons
D)  18 oxygen molecules with 6 neutrons each
E)  none of the above

Question 2

What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model?

Accepted Answer

A)  A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.
B)  A conceptual model represents the shape and form while a physical model describes how a system behaves.
C)  Physical models can only be used to represent the real world.
D)  Conceptual models can only be used to describe concepts.
E)  Physical models and conceptual models can be used to describe the same things.

Question 3

Rutherford assumed that the atomic nucleus was positively charged because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons were already established to be negatively charged
B)  the alpha particles that ricocheted off of the nucleus are also positively charged
C)  he had a very optimistic outlook on life
D)  Two of the above are reasonable answers

Question 4

Which of the following atoms is the largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ba
B)  Sr
C)  Ca
D)  Mg
E)  Be

Question 5

Which of the following is not a property of an electron?

Accepted Answer

A)  charge changes depending on mass
B)  fundamental component of atoms
C)  attracted towards positively charge electrical plates
D)  weighs approximately 9.1 × 10-31 kg
E)  has a negative charge

Question 6

How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for the fact that the electrons can have only discrete energy values?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrons are only able to vibrate at particular frequencies.
B)  When an electron wave is confined, it is reinforced only at particular frequencies.
C)  The energy values of an electron only occur where its wave properties and probability clouds are mutually reinforcing.
D)  The wave model accounts for the types of orbitals an electron may occupy, not it's energy levels.

Question 7

Rank the following by the relative amounts of energy, from most energetic to least:

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma rays, blue light, red light, radio waves
B)  gamma rays, radio waves, blue light, red light
C)  radio waves, gamma rays, blue light, red light
D)  blue light, red light, radio waves, gamma rays
E)  red light, radio waves, blue light, gamma rays

Question 8

Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light?

Accepted Answer

A)  An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light energy.
B)  A proton is undergoing a nuclear change in the nucleus and is emitting a high energy light wave in the process.
C)  An electron is jumping from a low energy state to a high energy state with the difference in energy being converted to light energy.
D)  Heat energy is speeding up the orbit of the electrons and the resulting Doppler shift causes light to be emitted from the electrons.
E)  Heat energy is converting a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is ejected into the orbit of the nucleus, releasing light energy.

Question 9

If a neutral element has 8 neutrons and 7 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

Accepted Answer

A)    N
B)    O
C)    O
D)    O
E)  cannot tell from information given

Question 10

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

Accepted Answer

A)  The neutron is nearly massless.
B)  The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton.
C)  The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers.
D)  The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

Question 11

Which of the above has the highest frequency?

Accepted Answer

A)  a
B)  b
C)  c
D)  d
E)  e

Question 12

Does a shell have to contain electrons in order to exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  A shell is a form of energy that requires electrons in order to exist.
B)  A shell is just a region of space which may or may not contain electrons.
C)  A shell is just a conceptual model, hence, it doesn't really exist with or without the electron.
D)  Two of the above are reasonable answers.

Question 13

An electron in the outermost shell of which group 1 element experiences the greatest effective nuclear charge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium, Na
B)  Potassium, K
C)  Rubidium, Rb
D)  all of the above

Question 14

If you remove two protons and two electrons from a sulfur atom (S) , what new element is formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Si
B)  Si+2
C)  Al+2
D)  Al
E)  Ar-2

Question 15

How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electron is able to move at various speeds.
B)  The protons in the nucleus are also giving off various light frequencies.
C)  Because there is more than one energy level in a hydrogen atom.
D)  The atomic radius of the hydrogen atom is relatively large.

Question 16

If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

Accepted Answer

A)  argon-38
B)  argon-18
C)  argon-20
D)  calcium-38
E)  calcium-20

Question 17

How is the term photon related to the term quantum?

Accepted Answer

A)  A quantum of light is actually one photon.
B)  A quantum of photons is equal to the wavelength.
C)  A quantum is a particle of light while a photon is a wave of light.
D)  A quantum is a particle of light exactly one photon long.
E)  A quantum is a wave of light while a packet of quanta equals one photon.

Question 18

Which of the following is said to be quantized?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of eggs in an egg carton
B)  the amount of water in a glass
C)  the volume of air in a balloon
D)  the amount of time in an hour
E)  none of the above

Question 19

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It does not have an electrical charge.

Accepted Answer

A)  an electron
B)  a proton
C)  a neutron
D)  A and B
E)  B and C

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about Bohr's planetary model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electrons orbit around the nucleus.
B)  It is a physical model.
C)  The energy difference between the orbits is continuous.
D)  The electrons smoothly move from one orbit to the next.
E)  none of the above

Exam 4: Subatomic Particles

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

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Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light?

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Which of the following atoms is the largest?

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The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It does not have an electrical charge.

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Which of the following is not a property of an electron?

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Does a shell have to contain electrons in order to exist?

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If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

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How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?

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Rutherford assumed that the atomic nucleus was positively charged because ________.

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Rank the following by the relative amounts of energy, from most energetic to least:

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An electron in the outermost shell of which group 1 element experiences the greatest effective nuclear charge?

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Which of the following statements is true about Bohr's planetary model of the atom?

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What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model?

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How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for the fact that the electrons can have only discrete energy values?

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What does the following element description actually mean? O

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Which of the above has the highest frequency?

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If you remove two protons and two electrons from a sulfur atom (S) , what new element is formed?

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How is the term photon related to the term quantum?

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If a neutral element has 8 neutrons and 7 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

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Which of the following is said to be quantized?

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