Exam 31: Animals: the Invertebrates

A) Both have tympanum for use in mating rituals.
B) Both have malpighian tubules that function in the extraction of nitrogenous waste.
C) Both have spicules and a tracheal system for respiration.
D) Both have bodies that are composed of a cephalothorax and abdomen.
E) Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

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A) In the gastrodermis.
B) In the epidermis.
C) In the mesoglea.
D) Nerves are found in the gastrodermis and the muscle fibers in the ectodermis.
E) Nerves are found just under the ectodermis and muscle fibers are found in the mesoglea.

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A) reproduce sexually.
B) die from being separated.
C) form spicules in the pattern of the cloth.
D) all go back to primitive cells and soon differentiate into another sponge.
E) reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

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A) Echinoderms branched from cnidarians but are considered more advanced because they also gave rise to chordates.
B) The echinoderm larvae are originally bilaterally symmetrical but metamorphose into a radially symmetrical adult.
C) Radial symmetry is maintained as a primitive state by all animals in the embryonic stage and can appear anywhere.
D) Echinoderms are the most primitive of the deuterostomes and evolution begins in each group with radial symmetry.
E) Echinoderms have a five-sided bilateral symmetry that just appears to be radial.

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A) They are types of advanced invertebrates.
B) They form a true coelom.
C) The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.
D) They will become mollusks, annelids, and arthropods.
E) They are more advanced than acoelomates, but not as advanced as deuterostomes.

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A) liver.
B) lungs.
C) lymph glands.
D) skeletal muscle of pork.
E) water.

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A) Reproduction is both sexual and asexual.
B) Some forms are sessile and others are motile.
C) They live in either marine or freshwater environments.
D) To capture food the animal wraps itself around its prey.
E) The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.

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A) Sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions.
B) Planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems.
C) Trypanosoma, a single celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans.
D) Leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals.
E) Tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans.

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A) The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates.
B) Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment.
C) Most animal phyla are invertebrates.
D) All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors.
E) Invertebrates lack a nervous system.

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A) The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue.
B) Gas exchange occurs through gills on the skin.
C) Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical.
D) A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction.
E) Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five.

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A) calcium carbonate
B) silica
C) spicules
D) spongin
E) muscle

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A) arachnids have book gills.
B) arachnids are mostly aquatic and crustaceans are mostly terrestrial.
C) only arachnids shed their exoskeletons.
D) only arachnids have two major body segments of cephalothorax and abdomen.
E) arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

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A) There are three layers of tissues in the body.
B) Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C) There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom.
D) Roundworms have a smooth unsegmented outside body wall.
E) Roundworms are essentially no more than parasitic flatworms that have lost their need to be flat.

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A) nematocysts.
B) alternation of generations.
C) contraction of the nerve net.
D) muscular cells in the epidermis.
E) muscular fibers in the mesoglea.

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A) soft skin.
B) circulation of water.
C) spiny skin.
D) skinless.
E) ability to store water.

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A) reproduce.
B) locate food.
C) digest food and distribute it to the arms.
D) absorb water to regulate its vascular system.
E) keep its surface clean of algae and barnacles and debris.

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A) proglottid.
B) cercaria.
C) sporocyst.
D) scolex.
E) glycocalyx.

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