Question 1

Chloe could not remember the name of the husband of a very important client. So, Chloe began reciting the alphabet until a letter triggered her memory, and she could remember the name. The letter of the alphabet:

Accepted Answer

A)  served as a retrieval cue.
B)  served as a prospective memory cue.
C)  triggered a déjà vu experience.
D)  triggered long-term potentiation.

Question 2

_____ is the process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Feedback
B)  Encoding
C)  Storage
D)  Retrieval

Question 3

The key conflict in the "memory wars" is:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the hippocampus or the prefrontal cortex is the main brain area in which episodic memories are stored.
B)  whether it is ethical to encourage people who have experienced traumatic events in childhood to talk about them during psychotherapy.
C)  whether "repressed" memories of childhood abuse that are "recovered" using hypnosis, guided imagery, or other highly suggestive techniques are false memories or memories of actual experiences.
D)  whether deception should be used in studies that involve creating false memories in the participants.

Question 4

The typical sequence of behaviors or actions at a common event, such as checking out at a grocery store or going to the movies, is a particular type of schema that psychologists call:

Accepted Answer

A)  a semantic network.
B)  a script.
C)  an engram.
D)  false familiarity.

Question 5

Many years after H. M.'s surgery, he surprised his doctors by demonstrating that he had acquired:

Accepted Answer

A)  artistic ability and a new interest in painting and sculpture.
B)  some new episodic memories.
C)  some new semantic knowledge.
D)  some new explicit memories.

Question 6

The average age for the earliest autobiographical memories reported by European American college students tended to be _____, compared to those reported by Chinese and Taiwanese college students.

Accepted Answer

A)  younger
B)  older
C)  about the same
D)  of doubtful validity

Question 7

In a study by University of Arkansas psychologist James Lampinen, participants listened to a story about a guy named Jack who performed some everyday activities, such as washing his car and taking his dog to the veterinarian for shots. In each scene, Jack performed some actions that were consistent with the script and some behaviors that were inconsistent with the script for the activity. When later tested for details of the story, participants were:

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to recognize and remember the actions that were inconsistent with the script than the consistent actions.
B)  more likely to recall the scenes in which Jack was interacting with the female receptionist than when he was interacting with his dog or the neighbor's kid.
C)  more likely to remember that the neighbor's kids sprayed Jack and that the receptionist flirted with Jack rather than the other way around.
D)  more likely to recognize and remember the actions that were inconsistent with the script than the consistent actions.

Question 8

According to the discussion in the text, memories of the events immediately preceding a concussion or head injury are often forgotten because the injury:

Accepted Answer

A)  causes temporary dementia.
B)  causes retroactive interference to occur.
C)  disrupts the process of memory consolidation.
D)  causes an increase in the number of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  mood congruence
B)  imagination inflation
C)  long-term potentiation
D)  source confusion

Question 10

The process of converting new long-term memories into stable, enduring memory codes is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  representation.
B)  activation.
C)  consolidation.
D)  clustering.

Question 11

Explicit memory is to _____ as implicit memory is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nondeclarative memory; declarative memory
B)  procedural information; episodic information
C)  prospective remembering; retrospective remembering
D)  declarative memory; nondeclarative memory

Question 12

Ned's parents got divorced when he was 7 years old. Ned's older sister vividly remembers the frequent, loud screaming matches between her mother and father in the weeks prior to the divorce, but Ned claims that he has no memories of his parents ever fighting. If Ned has unconsciously blocked awareness of those painful memories, it would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  suppression.
B)  proactive interference.
C)  repression.
D)  memory decay.

Question 13

Studies with the patient known for years as H. M. and with amnesia patients who have sustained similar brain damage seem to suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the hippocampus does NOT play a critical role in the formation of new procedural memories.
B)  the hippocampus plays no role in the formation of new episodic memories.
C)  long-term memories are stored in the hippocampus.
D)  the explicit memory system is unaffected by damage to the hippocampus.

Question 14

Sperling's classic experiment in which he briefly flashed three rows of letters on a screen immediately followed by a tone demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  subliminal perception can influence unconscious thought processes.
B)  auditory sensory memory lasts for three or four seconds.
C)  visual sensory memory holds a great deal of information for about a half second.
D)  short-term memory can last for up to 30 seconds.

Question 15

While Aaron was waiting for a prescription to be filled, he called Kate to see if she wanted him to pick up anything while he was at the grocery store. To his surprise, Kate rattled off 10 different items she wanted him to buy. Aaron forgot two items in the middle of the list. Aaron's pattern of forgetting illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  absentmindedness.
B)  the tip-of-the-tongue experience.
C)  retrograde amnesia.
D)  the serial position effect.

Question 16

Research with the sea snail Aplysia has demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  memories are localized in the cerebellum.
B)  both the function and structure of neurons change in response to the formation of a new memory.
C)  memory consolidation can be disrupted by an electric shock.
D)  state-dependent retrieval and retrograde amnesia can be explained in the same way.

Question 17

The decay theory of forgetting:

Accepted Answer

A)  has more research supporting it than the other theories of forgetting.
B)  is contradicted by the fact that a retrieval cue can trigger the recall of events experienced long ago.
C)  has proven useful in explaining how anterograde amnesia occurs.
D)  has proven useful in understanding why long-term potentiation occurs.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the role of neurons in long-term memory is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research with Aplysia has demonstrated that the formation of a new memory is accompanied by distinct functional, but not structural, changes in the neurons.
B)  Research has shown that rats, chicks, and rabbits show changes in neurons in response to learning that are similar to the changes that have been shown to occur in Aplysia.
C)  Research with Aplysia has demonstrated that the formation of a new memory is accompanied by distinct structural, but not functional, changes in the neurons.
D)  Psychologist Karl Lashley first suggested the idea of long-term potentiation in the 1920s, but as yet, there is still no direct evidence that this process takes place when a new memory is formed.

Question 19

What is one of the MOST common forms of dementia?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrograde amnesia
B)  anterograde amnesia
C)  Alzheimer's disease
D)  source amnesia

Question 20

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  distributed memory traces.
B)  imagination inflation.
C)  external environmental cues.
D)  schemas versus scripts.

Exam 6: Section 2: Memory

Many years after H. M.'s surgery, he surprised his doctors by demonstrating that he had acquired:

Correct Answer
verified

Research with the sea snail Aplysia has demonstrated that:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The typical sequence of behaviors or actions at a common event, such as checking out at a grocery store or going to the movies, is a particular type of schema that psychologists call:

Correct Answer
verified

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about the role of neurons in long-term memory is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ is the process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time.

Correct Answer
verified

The process of converting new long-term memories into stable, enduring memory codes is called:

Correct Answer
verified

The average age for the earliest autobiographical memories reported by European American college students tended to be _____, compared to those reported by Chinese and Taiwanese college students.

Correct Answer
verified

The key conflict in the "memory wars" is:

Correct Answer
verified

Studies with the patient known for years as H. M. and with amnesia patients who have sustained similar brain damage seem to suggest that:

Correct Answer
verified

Chloe could not remember the name of the husband of a very important client. So, Chloe began reciting the alphabet until a letter triggered her memory, and she could remember the name. The letter of the alphabet:

Correct Answer
verified

According to the discussion in the text, memories of the events immediately preceding a concussion or head injury are often forgotten because the injury:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Correct Answer
verified

The decay theory of forgetting:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Sperling's classic experiment in which he briefly flashed three rows of letters on a screen immediately followed by a tone demonstrated that:

Correct Answer
verified

Explicit memory is to _ as implicit memory is to _.

Correct Answer
verified

What is one of the MOST common forms of dementia?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Section 2: Memory

Many years after H. M.'s surgery, he surprised his doctors by demonstrating that he had acquired:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research with the sea snail Aplysia has demonstrated that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The typical sequence of behaviors or actions at a common event, such as checking out at a grocery store or going to the movies, is a particular type of schema that psychologists call:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the role of neurons in long-term memory is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is the process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of converting new long-term memories into stable, enduring memory codes is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average age for the earliest autobiographical memories reported by European American college students tended to be _____, compared to those reported by Chinese and Taiwanese college students.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The key conflict in the "memory wars" is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies with the patient known for years as H. M. and with amnesia patients who have sustained similar brain damage seem to suggest that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloe could not remember the name of the husband of a very important client. So, Chloe began reciting the alphabet until a letter triggered her memory, and she could remember the name. The letter of the alphabet:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the discussion in the text, memories of the events immediately preceding a concussion or head injury are often forgotten because the injury:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The decay theory of forgetting:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sperling's classic experiment in which he briefly flashed three rows of letters on a screen immediately followed by a tone demonstrated that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explicit memory is to _____ as implicit memory is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one of the MOST common forms of dementia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Explicit memory is to _ as implicit memory is to _.

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