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Exam 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Psychologists agree that children first realize the difference between fantasy and reality by the time they are _______ years old.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Stubbornness, rigidity, negativism, and unwillingness to compromise are often characteristic of the average child at age

A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) five.

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Question 3

True/False

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It is not until the age of three that children clearly know the difference between reality and make-believe

As compared to children from intact families, children whose parents divorce

Children who engage in a lot of group make-believe play are more likely to clean up after themselves when they finish playing.

If a preschool child were stable, predictable, reliable, and cooperative, the chances are that this child is not younger than _____ year(s) old.

Moderate to severe malnutrition during childhood will

You've been asked to design an outdoor play environment specifically for the purpose of encouraging creative pretend play. Describe your ideal play area as fully as possible, both in terms of materials used and characteristics of the physical environment.

In a study by Andrea Taylor and her associates (1997) , creative play was more likely to occur in outdoor environments that had

Which does not occur as children progress through the preschool years?

When children play with peers of the same age or slightly older, their play is more ________ than when they play with younger children.

Taking on imaginary roles helps children to control their own impulsive behavior.

Children appear to be the most closely attached to parents who tend to be secure, and who are confident in their _______ skills.

Mildred Parten underestimated the ability of young children to engage in cooperative play.

Even when children of different ages play with the same materials, they play with them in different ways. The manner of play depends on the child's level of social maturity. Choose any play material and describe how a two-, three-, four-, and five-year old might use it differently.

Most children start putting words into two-word phrases by the time they are 12-15 months of age.

The children who are the most securely attached to their parents are the ones who have the greatest amount of conflict when playing with peers.

In dramatic play, the __________role is always defined in terms of a specific plan of action, such as preparer of dinner, firefighter, or monster.

Most of five-year-old Paul's pretend play is solitary, and he rarely engages in group pretend activities even though he has many children available to play with. What can be said of Paul's play patterns?

Describe the five categories of social play that were identified in the 1930's by Mildred Parten, and explain how children progress through these categories between the ages of two and five.