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Ebbinghaus found the task of learning new lists of nonsense syllables increasingly difficult as his research career progressed.Which of the following best explains his problem?


A) positive transfer
B) retrograde amnesia
C) proactive interference
D) retroactive interference

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By incorporating errors based on a hypnotist's leading questions,"hypnotically refreshed" memories often illustrate:


A) repression.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) the misinformation effect.
D) proactive interference.

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Three basic measures of memory retention are:


A) chunking,rehearsing,and semantic processing.
B) encoding,storage,and retrieval.
C) recall,recognition,and relearning.
D) sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory.

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An eyewitness to a bank robbery is asked to identify suspects from a police lineup.Which test of memory is being used?


A) recall
B) relearning
C) recognition
D) rehearsal

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A subregion within the ________ is likely to be especially active when people are learning to associate new friends' names with their faces.


A) cerebellum
B) basal ganglia
C) hippocampus
D) amygdala

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C

By consciously rehearsing in many separate study sessions over the semester the facts you need to learn,you are most clearly taking advantage of


A) proactive interference.
B) the peg-word system.
C) distributed practice.
D) automatic processing.

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Jackie frequently experiences intrusive memories of an emotionally traumatic experience that she has been trying to forget.Her intrusive memories provide evidence of unsuccessful memory:


A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) repression.
D) rehearsal.

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The ability to unconsciously process how many times you checked your e-mail during the past 24 hours best illustrates:


A) working memory.
B) automatic processing.
C) iconic memory.
D) distributed practice.

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Instead of simply repeating a series of numbers he wants to remember,David mentally associates the numbers with meaningful dates such as his friends' birthdays.This best illustrates:


A) chunking.
B) automatic processing.
C) procedural memory.
D) deep processing.

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Deep and shallow processing refer to different types of:


A) chunking.
B) encoding.
C) sensory memory.
D) automatic processing.

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After research participants have retrieved a long-term memory of a traumatic experience,researchers have attempted to use a drug or painless electroconvulsive shock to disrupt the ________ of that memory.


A) repression
B) reconsolidation
C) retroactive interference
D) proactive interference

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According to Alan Baddeley's memory model,we consciously process incoming auditory and visual information in our ________ memory.


A) implicit
B) working
C) procedural
D) echoic

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Using your working memory to link an unfamiliar textbook glossary term with the first letter sound required to pronounce the term illustrates:


A) shallow processing.
B) the peg-word system.
C) procedural memory.
D) automatic processing.

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After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident,Arotza cannot form new memories.He can,however,remember events before the accident.Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:


A) retroactive interference.
B) the misinformation effect.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

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Which measure of memory did Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on the retention of nonsense syllables?


A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) recitation

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C

Effortful processing is encoding that requires:


A) implicit memory.
B) conscious attention.
C) visual imagery.
D) echoic memory.

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The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as:


A) priming.
B) classical conditioning.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) the serial position effect.

Correct Answer

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Mrs.McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so.Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates:


A) source amnesia.
B) proactive interference.
C) automatic processing.
D) repression.

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D

Mice could not learn their way out of a maze if they could not produce an enzyme needed for:


A) automatic processing.
B) the serial position effect.
C) producing propranolol.
D) long-term potentiation.

Correct Answer

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A loss of an encoded memory as a result of a gradual fading of the physical memory trace best illustrates


A) repression.
B) interference.
C) storage decay.
D) the misinformation effect.

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