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Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day,he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day.This poor memory best illustrates:


A) the misinformation effect.
B) motivated forgetting.
C) imagination inflation.
D) storage decay.

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The gradual fading of the physical memory trace contributes to:


A) encoding failure.
B) storage decay.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

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Associating carrots with a mental image of a bun,milk with a mental image of a shoe,and paper towels with a mental image of a tree best illustrates:


A) implicit memory.
B) the peg-word system.
C) iconic memory.
D) the spacing effect.

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The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information is called


A) repression.
B) source amnesia.
C) retroactive interference.
D) anterograde amnesia.

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In Alan Baddeley's model of working memory,focusing attention is the task of a hypothetical:


A) peg-word system.
B) central executive.
C) retention curve.
D) neural network.

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We encode implicit memories by means of:


A) recall.
B) working memory.
C) automatic processing.
D) the peg-word system.

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Knowledge of Latin can help people to learn French.This best illustrates:


A) proactive interference.
B) memory reconstruction.
C) déjà vu.
D) positive transfer.

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The famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve indicates that how well we remember information depends on


A) how long ago we learned that information.
B) the nature of our mood during encoding and retrieval.
C) whether the information is part of our implicit or explicit memory.
D) whether the information was forcibly repressed.

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Research by Kandel and Schwartz on sea slugs indicates that memory formation is associated with the:


A) structure of DNA molecules.
B) release of certain neurotransmitters.
C) activity level of the hippocampus.
D) development of the cerebellum.

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We long remember exciting or shocking events because of activation of the limbic system's:


A) hypothalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) basal ganglia.
D) cerebellum.

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Dating partners who fall in love tend to ________ how much they liked each other when they first met.Dating partners who break up tend to ________ how much they liked each other when they first met.


A) underestimate;underestimate
B) overestimate;overestimate
C) underestimate;overestimate
D) overestimate;underestimate

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As compared with long-term memory,short-term memory is ________ permanent and ________ limited in storage capacity.


A) less;more
B) more;less
C) less;less
D) more;more

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Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her.During this time their names were stored in her ________ memory.


A) echoic
B) implicit
C) short-term
D) iconic

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Consciously recalling that Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth best illustrates


A) semantic memory.
B) state-dependent memory.
C) procedural memory.
D) episodic memory.

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Therapists who have used memory recovery techniques such as "guided imagery" and hypnosis have often led their clients to believe that difficulties remembering their experience of sexual abuse may result from:


A) anterograde amnesia.
B) positive transfer.
C) proactive interference.
D) repression.

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Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned verbal information.Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned visual designs.


A) right hippocampus;left hippocampus
B) left hippocampus;right hippocampus
C) right cerebellum;left cerebellum
D) left cerebellum;right cerebellum

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Recalling a visual scene of last month's party and holding it in working memory would be most likely to activate the:


A) right frontal lobe.
B) left frontal lobe.
C) right cerebellum.
D) left cerebellum.

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Without being aware of it,Kelsey encoded the exact locations on the basketball court from which she had taken each of her many shots during yesterday's tournament game.This best illustrates:


A) distributed practice.
B) automatic processing.
C) the self-reference effect.
D) working memory.

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The amygdala boosts activity in the brain's memory-forming areas when stimulated by:


A) the basal ganglia.
B) the cerebellum.
C) stress hormones.
D) propranolol.

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Memory aids that involve the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material are called:


A) procedural memories.
B) implicit memories.
C) iconic memories.
D) mnemonics.

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