Question 1

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks,she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice.Her reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect.
B)   defensive self-esteem.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-efficacy.

Question 2

Researchers have found that personal insults are especially likely to trigger a response of aggression from those who experience

Accepted Answer

A)   high self-efficacy.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   inflated self-esteem.
D)   unconditional positive regard.

Question 3

Most college students perceive themselves as less likely than their average classmate to develop drinking problems.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   unrealistic optimism.
D)   low self-efficacy.

Question 4

As the organizer of our thoughts,feelings,and actions,the self is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)   the center of personality.
B)   a result of environmental influences.
C)   a product of gene-environment interaction.
D)   a narcissistic trait.

Question 5

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   reciprocal determinism.
C)   unconditional positive regard.
D)   the spotlight effect.

Question 6

A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   demonstrate an independence from social pressure to conform.
B)   disparage others.
C)   experience narcissism.
D)   be motivated by a desire for self-actualization.

Question 7

The "ignorance of our own incompetence" phenomenon is now referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   the Dunning-Kruger effect.
C)   learned helplessness.
D)   Bandura's social-cognitive theory.

Question 8

In one analysis of 71 studies,most people shifted their performance expectations ________ shortly ________ receiving feedback on their actual performance.

Accepted Answer

A)   upward;before
B)   downward;before
C)   upward;after
D)   downward;after

Question 9

Jacinda failed her last history midterm.Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

Accepted Answer

A)   "I really didn't prepare well enough for that test."
B)   "I wasn't concentrating as hard as I should have during the test."
C)   "I lack ability in history."
D)   "I think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing."

Question 10

Jackson can see himself becoming just like his father - overweight,unhealthy,and depressed.To prevent that from happening,Jackson carefully monitors his food intake and engages in a regular program of exercise with a group of supportive friends.Jackson's healthy lifestyle best illustrates the motivational impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   possible selves.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   unconditional positive regard.

Question 11

The social-cognitive perspective most clearly emphasizes that the development of personality is partially learned through ________ and imitating the behavior of others.

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard
B)   heredity
C)   our self-concept
D)   conditioning

Question 12

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of our traits and our

Accepted Answer

A)   temperaments.
B)   situations.
C)   fixations.
D)   self-concepts.

Question 13

According to social-cognitive psychologists,one of the best ways to predict a person's future behavior is to

Accepted Answer

A)   identify that person's most central traits by having him or her take a personality inventory.
B)   observe that person's behavior in various relevant situations.
C)   assess that person's general level of self-esteem.
D)   uncover that person's hidden motives,as revealed by projective tests.

Question 14

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixation.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   free association.
D)   reciprocal determinism.

Question 15

A sense of personal self-worth is called

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   self-efficacy.
C)   self-monitoring.
D)   self-disclosure.

Question 16

Narcissistic people have been observed to take a(n) ________ approach to their romantic relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)   empathic
B)   introverted
C)   game-playing
D)   self-sacrificing

Question 17

Ignorance of what we don't know sustains our

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   self-image.
C)   self-efficacy.
D)   self-confidence.

Question 18

Which perspective emphasized that we learn many of our behaviors either through conditioning or by observing and imitating others?

Accepted Answer

A)   social-cognitive perspective
B)   humanistic perspective
C)   psychoanalytic perspective
D)   psychodynamic perspective

Question 19

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time,he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious.His reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   narcissism.
D)   reciprocal determinism.

Question 20

Joshua has a predisposition for aggressive behavior.As a child,he was physically abused and lived in a neighborhood in which a lot of violent gangs roamed the streets.By the time Joshua was 18 he had been arrested multiple times for aggressive actions against other teens.Joshua's aggressive behavior is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   group identification.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   reduced self-worth.
D)   gene-environment interactions.

Exam 47: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time,he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious.His reaction best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

In one analysis of 71 studies,most people shifted their performance expectations shortly receiving feedback on their actual performance.

Correct Answer
verified

As the organizer of our thoughts,feelings,and actions,the self is considered to be

Correct Answer
verified

The "ignorance of our own incompetence" phenomenon is now referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Correct Answer
verified

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks,she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice.Her reaction best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Ignorance of what we don't know sustains our

Correct Answer
verified

A sense of personal self-worth is called

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to social-cognitive psychologists,one of the best ways to predict a person's future behavior is to

Correct Answer
verified

Narcissistic people have been observed to take a(n) ________ approach to their romantic relationships.

Correct Answer
verified

Jacinda failed her last history midterm.Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

Correct Answer
verified

Which perspective emphasized that we learn many of our behaviors either through conditioning or by observing and imitating others?

Correct Answer
verified

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of our traits and our

Correct Answer
verified

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments.This best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to

Correct Answer
verified

The social-cognitive perspective most clearly emphasizes that the development of personality is partially learned through ________ and imitating the behavior of others.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Most college students perceive themselves as less likely than their average classmate to develop drinking problems.This best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers have found that personal insults are especially likely to trigger a response of aggression from those who experience

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 47: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time,he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious.His reaction best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one analysis of 71 studies,most people shifted their performance expectations ________ shortly ________ receiving feedback on their actual performance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the organizer of our thoughts,feelings,and actions,the self is considered to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "ignorance of our own incompetence" phenomenon is now referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks,she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice.Her reaction best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ignorance of what we don't know sustains our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sense of personal self-worth is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to social-cognitive psychologists,one of the best ways to predict a person's future behavior is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narcissistic people have been observed to take a(n) ________ approach to their romantic relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jacinda failed her last history midterm.Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which perspective emphasized that we learn many of our behaviors either through conditioning or by observing and imitating others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of our traits and our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social-cognitive perspective most clearly emphasizes that the development of personality is partially learned through ________ and imitating the behavior of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most college students perceive themselves as less likely than their average classmate to develop drinking problems.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that personal insults are especially likely to trigger a response of aggression from those who experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

In one analysis of 71 studies,most people shifted their performance expectations shortly receiving feedback on their actual performance.

Correct Answer
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