Question 1

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants.This study finds that ________ memories will quickly disappear without active processing and rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

A)   long-term
B)   sensory
C)   short-term
D)   implicit

Question 2

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.

Accepted Answer

A)   3
B)   7
C)   12
D)   24

Question 3

Juan studies for his biology class each day.He generally reviews material covered previously as well as the new material.Based on what you know about Ebbinghaus' retention curve,what can Juan expect to experience during his study sessions?

Accepted Answer

A)   He will require less and less time to relearn the previous material.
B)   He will need to spend more time studying each day.
C)   He will find that classical conditioning impairs his memory of previously learned material.
D)   He will find that automatic processing impairs his memory of new material.

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   a mental image of one's best friend
B)   the date of one's own birth
C)   a conditioned fear of guns
D)   one's own name

Question 5

Encoding a written word semantically rather than on the basis of the word's written appearance illustrates a distinction between

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit and explicit memory.
B)   deep and shallow processing.
C)   iconic and echoic memory.
D)   massed and distributed practice.

Question 6

Young adults have ________ working-memory capacity than children and ________ working-memory capacity than older adults.

Accepted Answer

A)   more;less
B)   less;more
C)   more;more
D)   less;less

Question 7

Describe two mnemonic techniques that would enable you to remember the following list of grocery items: milk,eggs,margarine,oranges,rhubarb,ice cream,eggplant,and sausage.Explain why each would be effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two mnemonic techniques that would enable...

Question 8

Without being aware of it,Kelsey encoded the exact locations on the basketball court from which she had taken each of her many shots during yesterday's tournament game.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   distributed practice.
B)   automatic processing.
C)   the self-reference effect.
D)   working memory.

Question 9

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as

Accepted Answer

A)   12 seconds.
B)   1 minute.
C)   12 minutes.
D)   1 hour.

Question 10

Which memory test would most effectively reveal that Mr.Quintano,at age 55,still remembers many of his high school classmates?

Accepted Answer

A)   recall
B)   recognition
C)   rehearsal
D)   retrieval

Question 11

Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her.During this entire minute or two their names were stored in her ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   echoic
B)   implicit
C)   short-term
D)   iconic

Question 12

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among

Accepted Answer

A)   recall,recognition,and relearning.
B)   shallow processing,semantic processing,and deep processing.
C)   sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory.
D)   the self-reference effect,the spacing effect,and the testing effect.

Question 13

The process of getting information out of memory is called

Accepted Answer

A)   encoding.
B)   relearning.
C)   retrieval.
D)   rehearsal.

Question 14

Automatic processing most clearly occurs without

Accepted Answer

A)   encoding.
B)   conscious rehearsal.
C)   implicit memory.
D)   chunking.

Question 15

Alzheimer's disease begins with ________ and progresses into ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   speech deficits;damaged memory centers in the brain
B)   damaged memory centers in the brain;speech deficits
C)   difficulty remembering new information;an inability to complete daily tasks
D)   an inability to complete daily tasks;difficulty remembering new information

Question 16

Information learned through classical conditioning forms ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit
B)   explicit
C)   nondeclarative
D)   sensory

Question 17

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   the spacing effect.
B)   iconic memory.
C)   the self-reference effect.
D)   chunking.

Question 18

To remember a list of the school supplies she needs,Marcy mentally visualizes each item at a certain location in her house.Marcy's tactic best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   iconic memory.
B)   chunking.
C)   a mnemonic technique.
D)   the spacing effect.

Question 19

The ability to unconsciously process how many times you checked your e-mail during the past 24 hours best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   working memory.
B)   automatic processing.
C)   iconic memory.
D)   distributed practice.

Question 20

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook,Susan often relates it to her own life experiences.Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates

Accepted Answer

A)   iconic memory.
B)   deep processing.
C)   implicit memory.
D)   massed practice.

Exam 23: Learning by Observation

Information learned through classical conditioning forms ________ memories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants.This study finds that ________ memories will quickly disappear without active processing and rehearsal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to unconsciously process how many times you checked your e-mail during the past 24 hours best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her.During this entire minute or two their names were stored in her ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Automatic processing most clearly occurs without

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which memory test would most effectively reveal that Mr.Quintano,at age 55,still remembers many of his high school classmates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two mnemonic techniques that would enable you to remember the following list of grocery items: milk,eggs,margarine,oranges,rhubarb,ice cream,eggplant,and sausage.Explain why each would be effective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence.This best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan studies for his biology class each day.He generally reviews material covered previously as well as the new material.Based on what you know about Ebbinghaus' retention curve,what can Juan expect to experience during his study sessions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Without being aware of it,Kelsey encoded the exact locations on the basketball court from which she had taken each of her many shots during yesterday's tournament game.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alzheimer's disease begins with ________ and progresses into ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of getting information out of memory is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook,Susan often relates it to her own life experiences.Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Young adults have ________ working-memory capacity than children and ________ working-memory capacity than older adults.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To remember a list of the school supplies she needs,Marcy mentally visualizes each item at a certain location in her house.Marcy's tactic best illustrates the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Encoding a written word semantically rather than on the basis of the word's written appearance illustrates a distinction between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Alzheimer's disease begins with and progresses into .

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Young adults have working-memory capacity than children and working-memory capacity than older adults.

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