A) the portion of unemployment created by job search.
B) short-run fluctuations around the natural rate of unemployment.
C) changes in unemployment due to changes in the natural rate of unemployment.
D) the portion of unemployment created by wages set above the equilibrium level.
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A) arises from a single problem that has a single solution.
B) is easy for policymakers to reduce.
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) None of the above is correct.
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A) the relationship between the probability of unemployment and a worker's changing level of experience.
B) how often a worker is likely to be employed during her lifetime.
C) year-to-year fluctuations of unemployment around its natural rate.
D) long-term trends in unemployment.
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A) long-term economic growth.
B) short-run ups and downs of the economy.
C) fluctuations in the natural rate of unemployment.
D) changes in the minimum wage.
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A) unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.
B) rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.
C) difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.
D) amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.
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A) government assistance.
B) their personal savings.
C) their labor earnings.
D) rental income.
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A) little over time and across countries.
B) little over time but substantially across countries.
C) substantially over time but little across countries.
D) substantially over time and across countries.
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A) varies less than the measured unemployment rate.
B) cannot be changed by government policy.
C) is closely associated with the ups and downs in economic activity.
D) is set by the Federal Reserve.
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A) average rate of unemployment.
B) natural rate of unemployment.
C) cyclical rate of unemployment.
D) typical rate of unemployment.
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A) the economic rate of unemployment.
B) cyclical unemployment.
C) frictional unemployment.
D) structural unemployment.
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A) government assistance.
B) their labor earnings.
C) their personal savings.
D) All of the above are correct.
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B
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A) economy's long-run target level of unemployment.
B) amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.
C) lowest rate of unemployment the economy can achieve.
D) All of the above are correct.
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B
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A) zero.
B) the cyclical rate of unemployment.
C) the natural rate of unemployment.
D) the sum of the cyclical and natural rate of unemployment.
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C
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A) has a different explanation than does the natural rate of unemployment.
B) refers to the year-to-year fluctuation in unemployment around an economy's natural rate of unemployment.
C) is closely associated with short-run ups and downs of economic activity.
D) All of the above are correct.
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A) The amount of unemployment that a country typically experiences is a determinant of that country's standard of living,and some degree of unemployment is inevitable in a complex economy.
B) The amount of unemployment that a country typically experiences is a determinant of that country's standard of living,and a complex economy can achieve zero unemployment.
C) The amount of unemployment that a country typically experiences is not a determinant of that country's standard of living,and a complex economy can achieve zero unemployment.
D) The amount of unemployment that a country typically experiences is not a determinant of that country's standard of living,and some degree of unemployment is inevitable in a complex economy.
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