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Exam 11: Using Energy

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Question 1

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Which of the following is a FALSE statement?

A) Entropy is a quantitative measure of disorder.
B) The total entropy change in one cycle of a Carnot engine is zero.
C) The entropy of an isolated system is conserved,i.e. ,constant.
D) Entropy can be measured in units of J/K.

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Question 2

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Heat can be transformed into work with 100% efficiency,but work cannot be transformed into heat with 100% efficiency.

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Question 3

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If two different gases are at the same temperature,the average translational kinetic energy per molecule must be the same for both of them.

A Carnot engine operates between a high temperature reservoir at 435 K and a river with water at 280 K.If it absorbs 3700 J of heat each cycle,how much work per cycle does it perform?

Does an increase in entropy increase or decrease the ability of a system to do work?

Is temperature a macroscopic or a microscopic concept?

A 20% efficient heat engine that must do 50 J of work each cycle requires a heat input of 250 J per cycle.

You have a flask of liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -243°C.You then heat the nitrogen until its temperature is doubled.What is the new temperature?

A Carnot engine extracts 508 J of heat from a high-temperature reservoir during each cycle,and rejects 303 J of heat to a low-temperature reservoir during the same cycle.What is the efficiency of the engine?

Which of the following relationships are true for all types of heat engines? (There may be more than one correct choice. )

What is the average kinetic energy of an ideal gas at 842 K? (The value of Boltzmann's constant is 1.38 × 10-²³ J/K. )

Is liberating heat through combustion a reversible or an irreversible process?

A heat engine that is 40% efficient and has a heat input of 200 J per cycle at the hot reservoir will waste 80 J of heat each cycle.

A refrigerator increases the entropy of its hot reservoir at the same time as it decreases the entropy of its cold reservoir,but a heat engine does just the opposite.

Water turns to ice when it is placed in a freezer.During this process,the entropy of this water has decreased.

A perfectly insulated system has work done by it at a rate of 13 W.At what rate is the internal energy of the system changing?

A heat engine operates between T_c = 294 K and T_h = 450 K.What is the maximum possible efficiency?

A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs at 10°C and 40°C has an efficiency of 75%.

A laboratory experiment is to be run at 42.0 K.Express this temperature in Celsius to the nearest degree.

A Carnot-efficiency engine operating between a reservoir of liquid mercury at its melting point and a colder reservoir extracts 15.0 J of heat from the mercury and does 4.0 J of work during each cycle.What is the temperature of the colder reservoir? Mercury melts at 233 K.