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If Aimee wants to increase her lifespan by a few years, which of the following pieces of advice is recommended?


A) Pamper yourself.
B) Increase your social support network.
C) Spend more time interacting with nature.
D) Spend more time on hobbies.

Correct Answer

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Dr. Zakaria, a young faculty member at XYZ University, is interested in how personal characteristics like hopefulness, trustworthiness, and kindness affect self-perceived happiness. Dr. Zakaria is most likely a:


A) cognitive psychologist
B) positive psychologist
C) psychoanalyst
D) humanistic psychologist

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B

Research on the fight-or-flight response has been criticized by Taylor and others for:


A) focusing too exclusively on the responses of males
B) neglecting the possibility that stress can also inhibit or prevent behavioural responding
C) focusing too exclusively on humans while neglecting other animal species
D) placing too much emphasis on the role of hormones in mediating these responses

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Assume that a negative event has occurred in your life. Under which of the following conditions would it likely be most stressful?


A) It occurred just after a positive event.
B) It was just like an event you had experienced a year earlier.
C) It was unexpected.
D) You are female, not male.

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) of an adopted child will show ____________ the BMI of the adoptive parents and ____________ the BMI of the biological parents.


A) similarity to; similarity to
B) similarity to; dissimilarity to
C) dissimilarity to; similarity to
D) dissimilarity to; dissimilarity to

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C

Having a higher level of social support is:


A) negatively correlated with health problems
B) correlated with Type A personality
C) important to health for children but less so for adults
D) unrelated to gender

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A researcher tells his participants that a specific biofeedback technique will make them experience more positive emotions, even though the researcher knows this technique is not actually effective. After participants have practiced the biofeedback technique, brain scans of their brain areas associated with positive emotion should show:


A) no effects in these brain areas
B) moderate effects in these brain areas
C) activation in brain areas related to skepticism
D) less activation in those brain areas than before the biofeedback training

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Kayla is a participant in a research study on coping. She is asked to engage in a difficult task which is designed to elicit a stress response. Based on the results of previous research, if Kayla is high in hardiness she will show ____________ during the stressful task.


A) higher than average blood pressure
B) lower than average blood pressure
C) a steady heart rate
D) more blood flow in the amygdala

Correct Answer

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The threat of military combat, adjustment to a new marriage, and thinking about an upcoming exam are all examples of:


A) eustress
B) chronic stress
C) daily hassles
D) stress

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D

If, by magic, the general adaptation syndrome did not occur in human beings in response to a stressor, what would be the most likely outcome?


A) Humans would deal with stress in a more effective way.
B) The fight-or-flight response would be weakened or nonexistent.
C) Mental illness rates due to stress would increase.
D) Men would find it more difficult than women to cope with stress.

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If Amy is committed to her life tasks, feels challenged by barriers, and feels in control of her fate, she would be described as:


A) Type A
B) Type B
C) hardy
D) an externalizer

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Anticipatory coping will be most effective when the:


A) stress is predictable
B) stress ultimately has a positive outcome
C) person is dealing with multiple sources of stress at once
D) stress is seen as meaningful in some way

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If people did not engage in primary appraisal, they would:


A) probably engage in secondary appraisal instead
B) be basically unresponsive to environmental stimuli
C) often be emotionally aroused
D) have difficulty expressing their emotions

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Positive reappraisal involves consciously changing one's:


A) behaviours
B) emotional expressions
C) beliefs about events
D) personality

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Which of the following is an effect of chronic smoking?


A) liver failure
B) immune disorders
C) heart disease
D) brain tumours

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In humans, the presence of a stressor results in:


A) the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system
B) the production of cortisol, which helps the body respond to stress
C) reduced production of both norepinephrine and epinephrine
D) deactivation of the sympathetic nervous system

Correct Answer

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Hardy individuals tend to view life events as less stressful than those who are low on this personality dimension. An important aspect of how they view their daily life is that:


A) they tend to resist negative changes
B) when stressed they focus on negative thoughts and feelings
C) they have varying levels of commitment to their daily activities
D) they feel they are largely in control of what happens to them

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Restrained eaters eat according to:


A) internal hunger cues
B) what they perceive others want them to eat
C) rigid rules
D) relatively random patterns

Correct Answer

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Research has shown that the correlation between trust and physical health is:


A) mostly positive
B) mostly negative
C) mostly random
D) unable to be assessed scientifically

Correct Answer

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An important change in the health of people over the last 100 years involves:


A) an increasing number of mortalities associated with lifestyle choices
B) the increased use of successful coping strategies
C) obesity becoming less prevalent
D) more people dying of infectious diseases

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