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Which of the following describes a feature of the syncretic religions of African slave communities in the New World?


A) The emphasis on education, moral purity, and personal conversion
B) The rejection of science, reason, and logic in religious practice
C) The exclusive focus on animal sacrifice and spirit possession
D) The identification of West African deities with Catholic saints

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following did all Enlightenment thinkers share?


A) The notion of the divine right of kings
B) The principle of gender equality
C) The belief in progress and reason
D) The repudiation of Christianity

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Personal Reflection: Looking back from the twenty-first century, did the benefits of the Scientific Revolution outweigh its drawbacks?

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In what way did nineteenth-century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?


A) They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress.
B) They challenged the validity of universal laws in science.
C) They challenged the very idea of progress.
D) They rejected the techniques of science.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone."


A) Protestant Reformation
B) Catholic Counter-Reformation
C) Úrsula de Jesús
D) Taki Onqoy
E) Jesuits in China
F) Wahhabi Islam
G) kaozheng
H) Mirabai
I) Sikhism
J) Copernicus
K) Newton
L) Galile
M) Voltaire
N) European Enlightenment
O) Condorcet and the idea of progress

P) A) and F)
Q) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a principle or practice upheld in Sikhism?


A) Seclusion of women
B) Universalism of Islam
C) Equality of men and women
D) Respect for caste distinctions

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543) who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos.


A) Protestant Reformation
B) Catholic Counter-Reformation
C) Úrsula de Jesús
D) Taki Onqoy
E) Jesuits in China
F) Wahhabi Islam
G) kaozheng
H) Mirabai
I) Sikhism
J) Copernicus
K) Newton
L) Galile
M) Voltaire
N) European Enlightenment
O) Condorcet and the idea of progress

P) A) and I)
Q) C) and L)

Correct Answer

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What made the Scientific Revolution revolutionary?

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Why did the Chinese imperial court initially welcome the Jesuit missionaries?


A) The Chinese state saw the political and military success of the European states as a demonstration of the power of the Christian God.
B) The Chinese people had been defeated, their societies disrupted, and their cultural confidence shattered.
C) The Jesuits' knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, technology, geography, and mapmaking was useful to the Chinese.
D) The Jesuits far outnumbered the Chinese and had already converted the vast majority of the nomadic peoples in the steppes north of China.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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What major movements in early modern India brought some Hindus and Muslims together in new forms of religious expression, and how do those movements differ from each other?

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Slave and later religious lay woman at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara (1606-1666) , a lucky escape inspired her to pursue a pious life of mortification and good works. She gained a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic.


A) Protestant Reformation
B) Catholic Counter-Reformation
C) Úrsula de Jesús
D) Taki Onqoy
E) Jesuits in China
F) Wahhabi Islam
G) kaozheng
H) Mirabai
I) Sikhism
J) Copernicus
K) Newton
L) Galile
M) Voltaire
N) European Enlightenment
O) Condorcet and the idea of progress

P) I) and K)
Q) F) and N)

Correct Answer

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Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community?


A) Violence offered a more effective means of gaining converts.
B) Punjab, where Sikhism was founded, was torn apart by a civil war.
C) The British colonial presence encouraged Sikhs to be militants.
D) They had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -A French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason.


A) Protestant Reformation
B) Catholic Counter-Reformation
C) Úrsula de Jesús
D) Taki Onqoy
E) Jesuits in China
F) Wahhabi Islam
G) kaozheng
H) Mirabai
I) Sikhism
J) Copernicus
K) Newton
L) Galile
M) Voltaire
N) European Enlightenment
O) Condorcet and the idea of progress

P) D) and N)
Q) F) and N)

Correct Answer

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Use the following to answer questions: Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. Terms -Major religious movement led by the theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia.


A) Protestant Reformation
B) Catholic Counter-Reformation
C) Úrsula de Jesús
D) Taki Onqoy
E) Jesuits in China
F) Wahhabi Islam
G) kaozheng
H) Mirabai
I) Sikhism
J) Copernicus
K) Newton
L) Galile
M) Voltaire
N) European Enlightenment
O) Condorcet and the idea of progress

P) I) and J)
Q) F) and N)

Correct Answer

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Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast the spread of Western European Christianity with that of Islam during the early modern period.

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What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?


A) Illuminated manuscripts
B) The printing press
C) The Council of Trent
D) The Society of Jesus

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following was a reaction against too much reliance on human reason during the eighteenth century in Europe?


A) Romanticism
B) Deism
C) Sikhism
D) Pantheism

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Why did Catholic missionaries have their greatest success in Spanish America and in the Philippines?

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How did the traditional belief systems of Christian converts influence their interpretation and practice of Christianity?

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Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside Europe to Christianity?


A) Jesuit missionaries in China
B) Spanish missionaries in the Philippines
C) Puritan missionaries in New England
D) Portuguese missionaries in West Africa

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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