Question 1

Sequencing eukaryotic genomes is more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea because of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   large size of eukaryotic proteins
B)   hard-to-find proteins
C)   high proportion of G-C base pairs in eukaryotic DNA
D)   large size of eukaryotic genomes and the large amount of eukaryotic repetitive DNA

Question 2

In nature, the major mechanism of introducing new genes into eukaryotic genomes is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   duplication followed by evolutionary divergence
B)   unequal crossing over at microsatellite repeats
C)   pseudogene creation
D)   pseudogene restoration

Question 3

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is transcribed into complementary DNA, is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reverse transcriptase
B)   protease
C)   retrovirus
D)   RNA replicase virus
E)   nonenveloped virus

Question 4

It is more difficult to identify eukaryotic genes than prokaryotic genes because in eukaryotes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the proteins are larger than in prokaryotes
B)   the coding portions of genes are shorter than in prokaryotes
C)   there are no start codons
D)   there are introns

Question 5

In early forensic applications of DNA fingerprinting, DNA was extracted from crime scene material, digested with restriction enzymes, and then used to prepare a Southern blot. Today, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  is used in the early steps of forensic DNA analysis. Which of the following is an advantage that PCR provides over the former method?

Accepted Answer

A)   PCR produces many more bands for fingerprint analysis, making it a more informative technique.
B)   PCR can cut DNA at many more sites than can restriction enzymes.
C)   PCR requires much less DNA for analysis.
D)   PCR can analyze DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates, whereas restriction enzyme analysis is limited to DNA.

Question 6

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?

Accepted Answer

A)   ssRNA
B)   dsRNA
C)   ssDNA
D)   dsDNA

Question 7

A multigene family is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple genes whose products must be coordinately expressed
B)   genes whose sequences are very similar and that probably arose by duplication
C)   many tandem repeats such as those found in centromeres and telomeres
D)   a gene whose exons can be spliced in a number of different ways
E)   a highly conserved gene found in a number of different species

Question 8

What is a primary difference between polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  and traditional cloning procedures such as those used to clone the human growth hormone gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   PCR and traditional cloning make use of different types of bacteria.
B)   PCR and traditional cloning make use of different types of vectors.
C)   PCR uses plasmid vectors, whereas traditional cloning uses bacteria.
D)   PCR eliminates the need for restriction enzymes, vectors, and cells.
E)   PCR is more time-consuming, but the purity of the obtained DNA clone is much higher than in traditional cloning.

Question 9

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   plasmid replication
B)   bacterial cell replication
C)   transformation
D)   plasmid and bacterial cell replication

Question 10

Imagine that you compare two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes. On one of the homologs, the sequence is AACTACGA. On the other homolog, the sequence is AACTTCGA. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. These sequences ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contain an SNP that may be useful for genetic mapping
B)   identify a protein-coding region of a gene
C)   cause disease
D)   protect against disease
E)   do none of the listed actions

Question 11

Which type of disorder is most difficult to correct by gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   a dominant disorder
B)   an incompletely dominant disorder
C)   a recessive disorder
D)   Disorders showing all of these forms of dominance present equal challenges.

Question 12

Analysis of the data obtained shows that two students each have two fragments, two students each have three fragments, and two students each have one only. What does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Each pair of students has a different gene for this function.
B)   The two students who have two fragments have one restriction site in this region.
C)   The two students who have two fragments have two restriction sites within this gene.
D)   The students with three fragments are said to have "fragile sites."
E)   Each of these students is heterozygous for this gene.

Question 13

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   AAGG TTCC
B)   AGTC TCAG
C)   GGCC CCGG
D)   ACCA TGGT
E)   AAAA TTTT

Question 14

After finding a new medicinal plant, a pharmaceutical company decides to determine if the plant has genes similar to those of other known medicinal plants. To do this, the company annotates the genome of the new plant to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   determine what proteins are produced
B)   determine what mRNA transcripts are produced
C)   identify genes and determine their functions
D)   identify the location of mRNA within the plant cells

Question 15

For applications in gene therapy, what is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A)   Retroviruses have an RNA genome.
B)   Retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase.
C)   DNA copies of retroviral genomes become integrated into the genome of the infected cell.
D)   Retroviruses mutate often.

Question 16

Which of the following most correctly describes the whole-genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic mapping followed immediately by sequencing
B)   physical mapping followed immediately by sequencing
C)   cloning large genome fragments into very large vectors such as YACs, followed by sequencing
D)   cloning fragments from many copies of an entire chromosome, sequencing the fragments, and then ordering the sequences
E)   cloning the whole genome directly, from one end to the other

Question 17

Use the following information to answer the question(s)  below.
Six students have taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used an enzyme (endonuclease)  known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest.
-Their next two steps, in order, should be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   use of a fluorescent probe for the gene sequence, then electrophoresis
B)   electrophoresis of the fragments, followed by autoradiography
C)   electrophoresis of the fragments, followed by the use of a probe
D)   use of a ligase that will anneal the pieces, followed by Southern blotting
E)   use of reverse transcriptase to make cDNA, followed by electrophoresis

Question 18

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   lytic phages
B)   proviruses
C)   viroids
D)   bacteriophages
E)   retroviruses

Question 19

The areas that have received the greatest attention in genetically modified plants are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   improved product quality and increased pest and herbicide resistance
B)   improved product quality, more rapid growth rate through plant hormone production, and decreased herbicide resistance
C)   more rapid growth rate through plant hormone production, pharmaceutical production, and increased antibiotic resistance
D)   pharmaceutical production, production of useful compounds not normally found in nature (xenobiotics) , and the ability to remove or neutralize toxic compounds from the environment (bioremediation)

Question 20

In large-scale, genome-wide association studies in humans we look for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lengthy sequences that might be shared by most members of a population
B)   SNPs where one allele is found more often in persons with a particular disorder than in healthy controls
C)   SNPs where one allele is found in families with a particular introns sequence
D)   SNPs where one allele is found in two or more adjacent genes
E)   large inversions that displace the centromere

Exam 20: The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) ?

Correct Answer
verified

For applications in gene therapy, what is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses?

Correct Answer
verified

Which type of disorder is most difficult to correct by gene therapy?

Correct Answer
verified

It is more difficult to identify eukaryotic genes than prokaryotic genes because in eukaryotes ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Six students have taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used an enzyme (endonuclease) known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest. -Their next two steps, in order, should be ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?

Correct Answer
verified

Sequencing eukaryotic genomes is more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea because of the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Imagine that you compare two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes. On one of the homologs, the sequence is AACTACGA. On the other homolog, the sequence is AACTTCGA. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. These sequences ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The areas that have received the greatest attention in genetically modified plants are ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Analysis of the data obtained shows that two students each have two fragments, two students each have three fragments, and two students each have one only. What does this demonstrate?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a primary difference between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and traditional cloning procedures such as those used to clone the human growth hormone gene?

Correct Answer
verified

A multigene family is composed of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

In nature, the major mechanism of introducing new genes into eukaryotic genomes is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is transcribed into complementary DNA, is a ________.

Correct Answer
verified

After finding a new medicinal plant, a pharmaceutical company decides to determine if the plant has genes similar to those of other known medicinal plants. To do this, the company annotates the genome of the new plant to ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In large-scale, genome-wide association studies in humans we look for ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following most correctly describes the whole-genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 20: The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For applications in gene therapy, what is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of disorder is most difficult to correct by gene therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is more difficult to identify eukaryotic genes than prokaryotic genes because in eukaryotes ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Six students have taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used an enzyme (endonuclease) known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest. -Their next two steps, in order, should be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sequencing eukaryotic genomes is more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea because of the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that you compare two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes. On one of the homologs, the sequence is AACTACGA. On the other homolog, the sequence is AACTTCGA. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. These sequences ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The areas that have received the greatest attention in genetically modified plants are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Analysis of the data obtained shows that two students each have two fragments, two students each have three fragments, and two students each have one only. What does this demonstrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a primary difference between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and traditional cloning procedures such as those used to clone the human growth hormone gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A multigene family is composed of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In nature, the major mechanism of introducing new genes into eukaryotic genomes is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is transcribed into complementary DNA, is a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After finding a new medicinal plant, a pharmaceutical company decides to determine if the plant has genes similar to those of other known medicinal plants. To do this, the company annotates the genome of the new plant to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In large-scale, genome-wide association studies in humans we look for ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following most correctly describes the whole-genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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