Question 1

Phonological awareness

Accepted Answer

A)   is related to success in learning to read.
B)   cannot be improved by reading to a child.
C)   does not occur until after a child has learned to read.
D)   is the process of extracting meaning from words.

Question 2

A child's informal understanding of memory is called

Accepted Answer

A)   metamemory.
B)   metacognitive knowledge.
C)   cognitive self-regulation.
D)   a memory strategy. A

Question 3

The normal working memory capacity is approximately seven items. "Items," though, may be composed of multiple units through

Accepted Answer

A)   elaboration.
B)   metacognition.
C)   rehearsal.
D)   chunking.

Question 4

Infantile amnesia

Accepted Answer

A)   means that adults can remember many events that occurred in their lives before the age of three years.
B)   means that infants are not able to form memories.
C)   may be related to the young child's well-developed sense of self.
D)   may be related to an individual's changing language ability.

Question 5

Retrieving words from memory is used in reading by

Accepted Answer

A)   beginning readers only.
B)   skilled readers only.
C)   both beginning and skilled readers.
D)   neither beginning nor skilled readers.

Question 6

The process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   word recognition.
B)   phonological awareness.
C)   the one-to-one principle.
D)   comprehension.

Question 7

Ten-year-old Amy was born in Minnesota, then moved to Florida when she was two years old. Although she lived through many blizzards when in Minnesota, she can't remember ever seeing snow. What concept best explains this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   autobiographical memory
B)   a script
C)   infantile amnesia
D)   repeated questioning

Question 8

When experiments are combined instead of evaluated independently so that the results are ambiguous, they are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   valid.
B)   reliable.
C)   confounded.
D)   longitudinal.

Question 9

Your friend is having a hard time remembering the main points of his psychology textbook. If he asks you to recommend a memory strategy, which one would you suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)   Touch the sentences that contain the main points as you read them.
B)   Read the sentences that contain the main points over and over.
C)   Outline or write a summary of the main points.
D)   Read the assigned chapter twice. C

Question 10

When Dan sees three objects, sometimes he counts them as "1, 2, 5", sometimes as "1, 2, b", and other times as "2, 1, a". Dan

Accepted Answer

A)   appears to have mastered the one-to-one principle and the stable-order principle.
B)   appears to have mastered the one-to-one-principle but not the stable-order principle.
C)   appears to have mastered the stable-order principle but not the one-to-one principle.
D)   does not appear to have mastered the one-to-one principle or the stable-order principle.

Question 11

Beginning readers

Accepted Answer

A)   use sentence context to help them recognize words.
B)   rarely use "sounding out" to identify words.
C)   do not use direct retrieval of words.
D)   retrieve unfamiliar words more rapidly than familiar words.

Question 12

________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

Accepted Answer

A)   Outlining
B)   Rehearsal
C)   Monitoring
D)   Summarizing

Question 13

You are part of a parent group formed to determine how your school system can improve students' academic performance. Based on research on academic excellence in Japanese and Taiwanese schools, which of the following suggestions would you make?

Accepted Answer

A)   Give teachers less free time for lesson planning and grading papers.
B)   Spend less time on teacher training.
C)   Set lower standards for students, so they are less likely to become frustrated.
D)   Set higher standards for students and encourage them to spend more time in school-related activities. D

Question 14

Five-month-old infants

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot distinguish one object from two objects.
B)   use the one-to-one principle.
C)   can distinguish two objects from three objects.
D)   do not seem to be sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli.

Question 15

When parents read rhyming stories, such as those written by Dr. Seuss, to their children, their

Accepted Answer

A)   children's phonological awareness decreases.
B)   children usually become bored and learn to dislike reading.
C)   children may enjoy it but their reading skills will not improve.
D)   children learn how to read easier.

Question 16

When are answers to math problems most likely to be retrieved from memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Before children receive formal arithmetic instruction.
B)   When there is a weaker link between the addends and the sum.
C)   When the problem has large rather than small addends.
D)   When the child solving the problem is older rather than younger.

Question 17

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves

Accepted Answer

A)   repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.
B)   looking at or touching objects that are to be remembered.
C)   placing related information together.
D)   embellishing information to make it more memorable.

Question 18

Which child appears to have mastered the cardinality principle?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kelsey, who always counts three cars as "1, 2, 3".
B)   Casey, who consistently counts three cars as "10, 9, 8".
C)   Jenny, who sometimes counts three cars as "1, a, 2, b".
D)   Haley, who counts three cars as "1, 5, 6...SIX CARS!"

Question 19

Activities that improve memory are called

Accepted Answer

A)   memory strategies.
B)   information processing.
C)   sensory memory.
D)   working memory.

Question 20

Scripts of events

Accepted Answer

A)   can distort a child's memory for an event.
B)   force children to remember every individual activity that is part of an event.
C)   make remembering a specific event more difficult.
D)   do not provide information about the sequence in which events occur.

Exam 7: B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Phonological awareness

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child's informal understanding of memory is called

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The normal working memory capacity is approximately seven items. "Items," though, may be composed of multiple units through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infantile amnesia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Retrieving words from memory is used in reading by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ten-year-old Amy was born in Minnesota, then moved to Florida when she was two years old. Although she lived through many blizzards when in Minnesota, she can't remember ever seeing snow. What concept best explains this situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When experiments are combined instead of evaluated independently so that the results are ambiguous, they are said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your friend is having a hard time remembering the main points of his psychology textbook. If he asks you to recommend a memory strategy, which one would you suggest?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When Dan sees three objects, sometimes he counts them as "1, 2, 5", sometimes as "1, 2, b", and other times as "2, 1, a". Dan

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beginning readers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are part of a parent group formed to determine how your school system can improve students' academic performance. Based on research on academic excellence in Japanese and Taiwanese schools, which of the following suggestions would you make?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Five-month-old infants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When parents read rhyming stories, such as those written by Dr. Seuss, to their children, their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When are answers to math problems most likely to be retrieved from memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which child appears to have mastered the cardinality principle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activities that improve memory are called

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Scripts of events

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C

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D

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