Question 1

Jenny says,"I couldn't feel happy and scared at the same time;I would have to be two people at once!" Malcolm,who is the same age as Jenny,can easily imagine feeling happy and scared simultaneously.At what age are individual differences in understanding conflicting emotions first evident?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 years
B)  8 years
C)  10 years
D)  12 years

Question 2

The theory of sexual selection was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud.
B)  Albert Bandura.
C)  Charles Darwin.
D)  Jean Piaget.

Question 3

Mary has low self-esteem and received a poor grade on her math test.To which of the following reasons would she most likely attribute her poor grade to?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is not good at math.
B)  She did not study.
C)  The test was too difficult.
D)  The teacher did not cover all of the materials.

Question 4

Regarding sibling play,which pair type plays least peacefully?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys with boys
B)  Girls with boys
C)  Girls with girls
D)  None of these;no differences exist in the peacefulness of play in sibling pairs.

Question 5

A style of parenting in which parents focus on their own needs is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the authoritative parenting style.
B)  the authoritarian parenting style.
C)  psychological aggression.
D)  neglectful parenting.

Question 6

Seligman's groundbreaking research involved shocking dogs in either an "escape" or "no escape" condition.After several trials,the dogs in the "no escape" condition ceased trying to escape the shocks.This demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-esteem.
B)  learned helplessness.
C)  self-efficacy.
D)  egocentrism.

Question 7

Baumrind identified three child-rearing styles: authoritarian,authoritative,and neglectful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to Parten,play becomes more social during early childhood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Piaget and others identified increasing levels of cognitive complexity in play.List and describe the four levels of play,and give an example for each.

Accepted Answer

1. Functional Play: This is the simplest...

Question 10

A major weakness of the cognitive-developmental theory when explaining gender differences is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children often identify with a parent of the opposite sex.
B)  children often act in "gender-appropriate" ways before they achieve gender constancy.
C)  many children pay little attention to sex when organizing their knowledge of their world.
D)  all of these

Question 11

When Jacinta daydreams about the person she would like to be,she is thinking of her

Accepted Answer

A)  ideal self.
B)  real self.
C)  ultimate self.
D)  representational system.

Question 12

Ron takes Hogan's lunch money and makes him cry almost every morning when he arrives at school.Behavior intended to cause pain or establish dominance is called _____ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental
B)  hostile
C)  overt
D)  relational

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding biological differences between the brains of males and females is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females have more brain cells.
B)  Males have more functional brain cells.
C)  Female brains have a larger cerebral cortex.
D)  Female brains have greater neuronal density.

Question 14

According to Erikson,the developmental conflict of early childhood is autonomy versus guilt/shame.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe how children choose playmates,and explain why some children are more popular than others.

Accepted Answer

Children choose playmates based on a var...

Question 16

Research suggests that boys use _____ aggression and girls use _____ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  overt;relational
B)  covert;overt
C)  overt;physical
D)  covert;relational

Question 17

Describe Parten's research on the social development of play.Give examples of how this research can be used by teachers in the classroom.

Accepted Answer

Parten's research on the social developm...

Question 18

Since Baumrind's findings are based on _____ research,they do not show that styles of child rearing cause children to be more or less competent.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental
B)  correlational
C)  preliminary
D)  longitudinal

Question 19

During free play at preschool,Valerie spends her time playing with Seth and Tiara.Their favorite activity is building with blocks.As they share the blocks,they talk excitedly with one another about their various buildings.The children are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  associative play.
B)  cooperative play.
C)  parallel play.
D)  onlooker behavior.

Question 20

Examples of external rewards include all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  increased pride.
B)  a special privilege.
C)  praise.
D)  money.

Exam 11: Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Describe how children choose playmates,and explain why some children are more popular than others.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIChildren choose playmates based on a var...View AnswerShow Answer

The theory of sexual selection was developed by:

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Since Baumrind's findings are based on _____ research,they do not show that styles of child rearing cause children to be more or less competent.

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Seligman's groundbreaking research involved shocking dogs in either an "escape" or "no escape" condition.After several trials,the dogs in the "no escape" condition ceased trying to escape the shocks.This demonstrates the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major weakness of the cognitive-developmental theory when explaining gender differences is that:

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Piaget and others identified increasing levels of cognitive complexity in play.List and describe the four levels of play,and give an example for each.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI1. Functional Play: This is the simplest...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Parten,play becomes more social during early childhood.

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Describe Parten's research on the social development of play.Give examples of how this research can be used by teachers in the classroom.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIParten's research on the social developm...View AnswerShow Answer

Baumrind identified three child-rearing styles: authoritarian,authoritative,and neglectful.

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Regarding sibling play,which pair type plays least peacefully?

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Jenny says,"I couldn't feel happy and scared at the same time;I would have to be two people at once!" Malcolm,who is the same age as Jenny,can easily imagine feeling happy and scared simultaneously.At what age are individual differences in understanding conflicting emotions first evident?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ron takes Hogan's lunch money and makes him cry almost every morning when he arrives at school.Behavior intended to cause pain or establish dominance is called _____ aggression.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During free play at preschool,Valerie spends her time playing with Seth and Tiara.Their favorite activity is building with blocks.As they share the blocks,they talk excitedly with one another about their various buildings.The children are engaged in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary has low self-esteem and received a poor grade on her math test.To which of the following reasons would she most likely attribute her poor grade to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A style of parenting in which parents focus on their own needs is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examples of external rewards include all the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Jacinta daydreams about the person she would like to be,she is thinking of her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that boys use _____ aggression and girls use _____ aggression.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson,the developmental conflict of early childhood is autonomy versus guilt/shame.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding biological differences between the brains of males and females is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Children choose playmates based on a var...
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1. Functional Play: This is the simplest...
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Parten's research on the social developm...
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Research suggests that boys use _ aggression and girls use _ aggression.

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