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Marketing does not occur unless two or more parties are willing to exchange something for something else.

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Moral standards often vary from one person to another, from one society to another, and among different groups within a society, so there is likely to be disagreement about what opinion is correct when it comes to marketing ethics.

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Macro-marketing:


A) tries to produce discrepancies of quantity and discrepancies of assortment.
B) focuses on the activities of individual organizations.
C) tries to effectively match supply and demand.
D) is a set of activities performed by individual firms.

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Often the best way for a firm to beat the competition is to be first to satisfy a need that others have not even considered.

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Which of the following statements regarding the "sales era" is true?


A) The emphasis was on producing.
B) A business problem was to decide where to put the company's effort.
C) More production capability was available than ever before.
D) It followed the marketing department era.

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Price is a rough measure of ___________________.


A) company profit
B) customer value
C) market supply
D) company costs
E) economic inflation

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In an advanced economy, marketing costs account for about ___ cents of every consumer dollar.


A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 50

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The fact that producers usually prefer to produce products in large quantities, while most consumers prefer to buy in small quantities, results in:


A) discrepancies of quantity.
B) separation of ownership.
C) discrepancies of assortment.
D) spatial separation.
E) temporal separation.

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A firm with a marketing orientation is MOST likely to:


A) view advertising as an unnecessary expense.
B) recognize that effective advertising is the key to sales.
C) advertise how a product meets customers' needs.
D) focus advertising on product features.
E) not use any advertising.

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An economic system in which government officials determine production levels is known as:


A) pure subsistence.
B) macro-marketing.
C) market-directed.
D) production-oriented.
E) command.

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Marketing intermediaries and collaborators can often perform marketing functions:


A) worse than producers or consumers can perform them.
B) which leaves producers with more time for production.
C) which leaves consumers with less time for consumption.
D) at a high cost-because of specialization, economies of scale, or e-commerce.

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The three basic ideas included in the definition of the marketing concept are: customer satisfaction, a total company effort, and sales as an objective.

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A company where the marketing people do both short-run and long-range planning is operating in the


A) marketing company era.
B) sales era.
C) simple trade era.
D) marketing department era.
E) production era.

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"Production orientation" refers to the attitudes of:


A) sales managers.
B) accountants.
C) financial managers.
D) production managers.
E) anyone who doesn't practice the marketing concept.

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Unlike a business firm, a nonprofit organization


A) needs resources and support to survive and achieve its objectives.
B) must take in as much money as it spends or it won't survive.
C) does not measure "profit" in the same way.
D) faces competition for customers.
E) gets support directly from those who receive the benefits.

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Which of the following must occur for marketing to happen?


A) Product
B) Place
C) Advertising
D) Price
E) Two or more parties exchange something of value for something else of value.

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When marketing people do long-range planning and the whole company is guided by the "marketing concept," the company has entered the ______________ era.


A) production
B) customer satisfaction
C) marketing company
D) consumerism
E) marketing department

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Which of the following is not a challenge related to social responsibility?


A) There is little agreement on who gets to determine what is "good" for society.
B) Actions that may seem good for society may be costly to a firm.
C) Some consumers make purchases based on the perceived societal benefits of a product or service.
D) It is impossible to know what impact a firm's actions will have on future generations.
E) Acting to satisfy one group of stakeholders may anger another group of stakeholders.

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The text discusses the evolution of business through five "eras." Which of the following is NOT one of these eras?


A) Diversification era
B) Sales era
C) Production era
D) Marketing company era
E) Simple trade era

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Myra Martinez was just named Treasure Island, Inc.'s "marketing manager"-with responsibilities for short-run policy planning of the firm's advertising, sales, marketing research, purchasing, and distribution efforts. Apparently, Treasure Island is operating in the ______________ era.


A) market-oriented
B) production
C) marketing department
D) marketing company
E) sales

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