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Austen Construction, a general contractor, advertised for bids from subcontractors on the electrical work for the renovation of one of State University's parking structures. The advertisement announced that the contract will be awarded to the lowest responsible bidder. Bronte, a responsible electrical subcontractor, submitted the lowest bid to Austen for the electrical portion of the work. Austen informed Bronte that she should begin work immediately. Bronte then stated that she is "withdrawing" her bid from Austen. Which of the following statements is most accurate?


A) Austen should not rely on Bronte's offer to do the electrical work.
B) Austen has accepted Bronte's offer, thereby forming a contract.
C) Austen is not bound by Bronte's bid until he informs her of his intent to accept.
D) Bronte has accepted Austen's offer by submitting the lowest bid.

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Which of the following is an exception to the general rule that rejections terminate offers?


A) Unilateral contracts
B) Bilateral contracts
C) Firm offers
D) Option contracts

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The outer limit on a firm offer is:


A) 1 month.
B) 3 months.
C) 6 months.
D) 1 year.

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Which of the following offers terminates earliest? Assume that there is no time limitation on the offer unless the offer says otherwise.


A) An offer for the sale of land.
B) An offer to purchase stock on a stock exchange.
C) An offer that says that it will stay open for one week.
D) An offer with a valid five-day option attached to it.

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When can the offeror effectively revoke his/her offer?


A) Only after an effective acceptance.
B) Only before an effective acceptance.
C) Only before payment for goods or services has been made.
D) Only before the parties have completed their obligations under the contract.

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A newspaper advertisement made to the general public:


A) usually is an offer.
B) can be revoked by using a similar newspaper advertisement.
C) can only be rejected by using a similar newspaper advertisement.
D) is a firm offer that cannot be revoked.

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A firm offer for the sale of goods requires consideration to be given in exchange for the offeror's promise to keep the offer open.

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A firm offer differs from an option in that, a firm offer:


A) is a separate contract by itself.
B) is irrevocable for a certain period of time.
C) does not require a consideration in exchange for the offer.
D) is not covered under the UCC.

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Ashburn had a big ranch in Georgia. One day Pamela stated, "I'd like to buy your sheep for $50. They're so cute!" to which Ashburn immediately replied, "Sure. That's a deal!" This cannot be enforced as a contract because of lack of:


A) consideration.
B) definiteness.
C) communication to offeree.
D) present intent to contract.

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A revocation is effective at the time it is dispatched by the offeror.

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Which of the following characterizes definiteness standards under the common law?


A) Courts are contract enforcers.
B) Contracts need to contain all the terms.
C) Courts should be able to provide "gap-fillers" in contracts.
D) Courts can take a "hands-on" approach to contracts.

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To distinguish an offer, courts first look at:


A) the communication to the offeree.
B) the definiteness of terms.
C) the present intent to contract.
D) a description of the parties involved.

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Which of the following is true regarding bids?


A) They are considered to be unilateral contracts.
B) Promissory estoppels can be used to prevent withdrawal of bids.
C) Bids for governmental contracts are covered under contract principles.
D) Those submitting a bid are called offerees.

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A computer manufacturer offered to sell sophisticated computer equipment to another country. Two days later, before the offer was accepted, Congress placed an embargo on all sales to this country; and therefore, the offer was terminated by the embargo. This is an example of:


A) promissory estoppel.
B) destruction of subject matter.
C) intervening illegality.
D) revocation.

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What legal effect does death or insanity of the offeror have on the offer?


A) It terminates the offer automatically.
B) It terminates only the last contract that has been formed with that offeror.
C) It has no legal effect unless and until the offeree is notified of the death of the offeror.
D) It makes the offer voidable.

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Ads that limit the power of acceptance to one offeree or a small number of offerees, are highly specific about the nature and number of items offered for sale and what is requested in return is considered to be _____.


A) offers
B) invitations to negotiate
C) invitations to offer
D) obligations

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Offers that fail to provide a specific time for acceptance :


A) are considered to be illegal.
B) are valid for a reasonable period for time.
C) are valid but unenforceable.
D) can be used to penalize the offeror.

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How can an offeree impliedly reject an offer?


A) By indicating that he will not accept it
B) By asking for more time to think
C) By making a counteroffer
D) By writing his nonacceptance

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Sue offers to buy a house from John and they were negotiating the price of the house. In the meantime, Sue confides in John's wife that she is willing to pay an amount of $50,000 for the house. Delighted to hear this, John's wife tells him the good news. John immediately calls up Sue and accepts her offer. Is there a binding contract?


A) Yes, because there is valid consideration.
B) Yes, because a third party has communicated the terms of Sue's offer to John and that John had accepted the same.
C) No, because the offeror had not communicated the terms of the offer to the offeree.
D) No, because the contract is still not signed by both the parties.

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Which of the following is the first step in the contract formation process?


A) Signing the agreement
B) An offer in definite terms
C) Selection of partners
D) Drafting the agreement

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