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Exam 3: The Molecules of Cells

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Question 31

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Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

A) the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.
B) the chemical properties of their R groups.
C) the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule.
D) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.

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Question 32

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Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

A) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose.
B) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down.
C) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.
D) they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract.

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Question 33

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Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

Which of the following is an amino group?

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

Which of the following substances is made of lipids?

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.

Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in order to survive while hibernating through the winter. Approximately how much glycogen would a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat?

A hydroxyl group is

The functions of some proteins change depending on whether they are in the light or in the dark they are photoreceptive (PR) proteins. A team of scientists recently determined that PR proteins bind to DNA to regulate gene expression in microbes. Answer the following three questions about this scenario. -Suppose that the team of scientists conducted the following experiment: They mixed the PR proteins with DNA in a test tube and measured the amount of protein that bound to the DNA after 10 minutes under variable amounts of light. What was the independent variable in their experiment?

The functions of some proteins change depending on whether they are in the light or in the dark they are photoreceptive (PR) proteins. A team of scientists recently determined that PR proteins bind to DNA to regulate gene expression in microbes. Answer the following three questions about this scenario. -A single PR protein is composed of four identical polypeptide chains that act together to bind DNA. What is the highest level of protein structure that the PR proteins have?

If you could design a modified version of the enzyme to ensure that it would function optimally in the harsh conditions of the washing vat (such as high temperature or high pH) , which of the following could you do to achieve this goal?

What is the correct flow of information in gene expression?

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

Structural proteins

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?

In what part of the world is the mutation for lactose tolerance most concentrated?

A phospholipid is composed of