Exam 8: Global Inequality

A) It can hide income inequality within a given country.
B) It tries to quantify human relations, which are unquantifiable.
C) It attempts to make broad statements based on narrow collections of data.
D) It does not take into account religion and its effects on income.
E) It ignores whether certain populations are naturally thriftier than others, thus requiring different metrics for making meaningful comparisons.

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World-systems theory,pioneered by Immanu...

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A) McDonaldization
B) national franchising
C) branding
D) global commodity chains
E) national production incentives

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International organizations,such as the United Nations' International Labor Organization (ILO),have outlined a set of standards for child labor laws to follow to address these problems.In June 1999,the ILO adopted Convention 182,which called for the abolition of the "worst forms of child labor." These are defined as including:all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery,such as the sale and trafficking of children,debt bondage and serfdom,and forced or compulsory labor,including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict; the use,procuring,or offering of a child for prostitution,for the production of pornography,or for pornographic performances; the use,procuring,or offering of a child for illicit activities,in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties; and work that,by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out,is likely to harm the health,safety,or morals of children (I

A) colonialism
B) participatory planning
C) assembly-making
D) communization
E) feudal return

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A) State-centered theorists see state intervention as the major cause of underdevelopment and global inequality.
B) State-centered theorists view the market as the natural and best method for economic development.
C) State-centered theorists think that historical evidence shows that men tend to be better suited to be economic players than women.
D) State-centered theorists are critical of theories that contribute to social welfare policies.
E) State-centered theorists think that state intervention into the economy can play a key role in development.

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A) the United States is so unique that one cannot make comparisons about people there with people from other countries
B) the United States is a very wealthy nation, yet most people do not live in high-income countries, which makes those kinds of sweeping claims problematic
C) the United States's authoritarianism will influence people to report less honestly on surveys and in interviews there than elsewhere
D) one cannot make global claims about humans
E) studies in the United States are typically under strict control from the government

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A) Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations.
B) Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations.
C) Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out, rather than welcome, foreign corporations.
D) Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries.
E) Dependency theorists would suggest that before foreign corporations can make an impact in underdeveloped countries, those countries first need to develop a more modern culture.

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A) rapid industrialization, at any cost, is the key to economic development
B) low-income countries must preserve their traditional cultures to develop
C) high-income countries have a responsibility to give free resources to low-income countries
D) low-income societies can develop economically only if they give up their traditional ways and adopt modern economic institutions, technologies, and cultural values that emphasize savings and productive investment
E) state-run economies are most efficient for creating modernized countries

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A) World-systems theorists would argue that we must not view the world as independent nations, but rather as continents of nations that compete for continental dominance of the market in the world system.
B) World-systems theorists would suggest that Morgan's view runs the risk of delegitimizing the neoliberal project of creating world market systems that could develop the entire globe.
C) World-systems theorists would assert that the world capitalist system is not merely a collection of independent nations but must be understood as a single world system.
D) World-systems theorists would respond that the current world system is actually a competition largely between the global North and the global South.
E) World-systems theorists would argue that the world system should actually be analyzed by looking at global finance as a competition between independent cities, with London and New York City as the world's centers of international finance.

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A) Modernization theory typically suggests that traditional societies must abandon their traditional ways and embrace modern economic institutions.
B) Modernization theory suggests that the state should run the economy, which leaves no place for indigenous involvement.
C) Modernization theory treats indigenous people like noble savages who have all of the correct answers to life's problems.
D) Modernization theory focuses too much on the role of women in economic development, and indigenous communities already have prescribed roles for women.
E) Modernization theory suggests that supply and demand should be strictly regulated by a central planning administration.

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A) high-income
B) highly homogenous
C) middle-income
D) complete hunter-gatherer
E) low-income

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A) The average income has actually declined.
B) The average income has fluctuated consistently over the years.
C) The average income has stagnated for the last three decades.
D) Americans have worked harder than the rest of the people in the world over the last few decades.
E) Despite a rise in average global income, there is still huge inequality between people in high-income nations and the rest of the world.

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The technology gap that divides rich and...

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A) Low-income countries generally suffer from inadequate health facilities.
B) Hospitals and clinics rarely serve the poorest people in low-income countries.
C) People in low-income countries often lack proper sanitation.
D) There are no doctors in low-income countries.
E) People in low-income countries tend to have weakened health and immune systems and, thus, medical facilities might house more infected persons.

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A) dependency theories
B) state-centered theories
C) world-systems theory
D) modernization theory
E) market-oriented theories

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B

A) People are leaving cities to dwell in farmland.
B) Masses of people are beginning to own homes solely for themselves.
C) Hundreds of millions of people are moving into huge, densely populated cities.
D) Large segments of these populations now have air-conditioned homes.
E) There is a growing trend toward moving onto houseboats.

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A) dependency theories
B) state-centered theories
C) world-systems theory
D) modernization theory
E) market-oriented theories

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C