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Many parents believe that they mold their children's personalities. However, research has found that _____.


A) half of all personality traits may be genetic
B) half of all personality traits may be environmental
C) genes and the nonshared environment have the most impact on personality
D) temperament defines personality

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Bullying differs from ordinary aggression because bullying attacks _____.


A) mainly occur in the United States
B) are repeated
C) are harmful
D) depend, on some level, on the tacit consent of the person who is bullied

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Child culture promotes _____ from adults.

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independen...

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The statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is _____


A) "I obey a higher power."
B) "Every citizen should obey the rules."
C) "I want everyone to like me."
D) "I don't want to get caught and punished."

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Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development is called _____.


A) autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) industry versus inferiority
C) trust versus mistrust
D) integrity versus incompetence

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Environmental influences from different teachers and peer groups reflect one's nonshared influences.

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Summarize the relationship among family income, conflict, and family function. Include a discussion of the family-stress model in predicting the impact of low versus high income on children.

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Family income strongly contributes to fa...

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____ bullying seeks to destroy peer acceptance.

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In what way is the conflict between the morality of children and that of adults evident? What are three common imperatives among 6- to 11-year-old children?

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The conflict between the morality of chi...

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Emmy's son is chronically bullied at school, and this has been going on for the entire school year. Should Emmy be concerned? Explain your answer, citing research from the textbook.

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Emmy should be concerned, as victims of ...

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Three issues that drive moral development are child culture, ______, and empathy.

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What is the first stage of moral reasoning in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory?


A) preconventional
B) unconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

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_____ is both a cause and consequence of feeling inferior.


A) Self-concept
B) Effortful control
C) Social rejection
D) Social comparison

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The Piagetian stage of development that is similar to Lawrence Kohlberg's stage of preconventional morality is _____.


A) the sensorimotor period
B) the preoperational stage
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

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A family that consists of one man, several wives, and the biological children of the man and the women is a(n) _____ family.


A) blended
B) adoptive
C) extended
D) polygamous

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Children in the same family do not share identical classes in school and friends; therefore, these are _____ aspects of their environments.

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Rates of single parenthood and single grandparenthood are far higher among ______ than any other ethnic group.

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Jimmy, who is 8 years old, is more likely at this age to want to play with Sara than with another boy his age.

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Girls who bully typically _____.


A) use threats of force
B) use words to attack
C) are larger than average in size
D) have older sisters who are aggressive

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The crucial element in Lawrence Kohlberg's assessment of moral stages is ______.


A) the age of the respondent
B) what the person answers
C) why the person chooses to participate
D) the reasons given

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