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Exam 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

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Question 101

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In the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, what is activated?

A) the dreamer's repressed urges and wishes
B) brainstem circuits at the base of the brain that arouse more sophisticated brain areas, such as visual and auditory centers
C) lucid dreams, in which the dreamer becomes aware that he or she is dreaming
D) the frontal lobes and the primary visual cortex of the brain

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Question 102

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Over the course of a typical night, periods of REM sleep become progressively longer.

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Question 103

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Dr. Castro is at a faculty party and is attentively listening to Dr. Chavez talk about her latest research on selective attention when he suddenly becomes aware of someone else mentioning his name on the other side of the room. This phenomenon is known as mindfulness.

_____ is a type of amphetamine that can be easily manufactured, provides an intense high, and causes a reduction in the brain's dopamine transporters and receptors.

According to the _____ theory of hypnosis, people who are hypnotized are not in any special state of consciousness but are simply highly motivated to respond to the social demands of the hypnotist and the situation.

According to Focus on Neuroscience: The Sleep-Deprived Emotional Brain, which of the following is TRUE?

Sex and sexual behaviors are the most common themes in dreams.

Cataplexy is the sudden loss of voluntary muscle strength and control, lasting from several seconds to several minutes, that is usually triggered by a sudden intense emotion, such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise.

Typically, blood levels of melatonin reach their peak early in the afternoon, and high levels of melatonin keep you alert and awake.

What are the effects and potential dangers of cocaine?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a cluster of neurons located in the hypothalamus in the brain.

List and describe the psychedelic drugs, including their effects on the brain.

Narcolepsy is another name for somnambulism.

Highly hypnotizable people tend to be those who can become deeply absorbed in imaginary experiences, such as reading novels or watching movies, and who approach hypnosis with a positive, responsive attitude.

According to the imaginative suggestibility explanation of hypnosis:

Define attention, and describe how attention is selective and limited in capacity.

Most drug experts agree that alcohol abuse has the highest social cost of all drug addictions.

Combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnosis is an effective treatment for helping motivated people stop smoking.

How does alcohol affect the body and psychological functioning?

Cocaine is derived from: