Question 1

The broad term that refers to a condition in which a person feels psychologically and physically compelled to take a specific drug is:

Accepted Answer

A)   withdrawal.
B)   addiction.
C)   tolerance.
D)   drug psychosis.

Question 2

Use of inhalants can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)   pleasant feelings of euphoria that can last for hours.
B)   hallucinations and loss of consciousness, especially at high doses.
C)   enhanced mental alertness, mood elevation, and reduced fatigue.
D)   increased central nervous system activity and hyperexcitability in the brain.

Question 3

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the internal master biological clock that governs the timing of circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A myoclonic jerk is an involuntary muscle spasm of the whole body that jolts the sleeping person completely awake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Sheena was describing a dream she had about her psychology class to a friend. "During the dream, I realized it was a dream, and I didn't like the way the dream was going so I went back to the beginning of the dream and started it over," she explained to her astonished friend. What had Sheena experienced?

Accepted Answer

A)   a lucid dream
B)   REM sleep behavior disorder
C)   REM rebound
D)   a hypnagogic hallucination

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   If you had been living in the United States in 1900, you could have legally purchased heroin.
B)   It is common for people to die as a direct result of heroin withdrawal.
C)   Morphine reduces pain by blocking pain signals at the site of an injury.
D)   Opium is derived from the cacao plant.

Question 7

After your university gets a new PET scanner, you decide you want to do a PET scan study to confirm earlier research about how brain activity during REM sleep differs from brain activity during wakefulness. The results of your study reconfirm the earlier research and show that:

Accepted Answer

A)   REM sleep involves less activity in the frontal lobes and primary visual cortex than wakefulness.
B)   brain activity during REM sleep is virtually identical to brain activity during wakefulness.
C)   REM sleep involves more activity in the frontal lobes and primary visual cortex than wakefulness.
D)   with the exception of brain areas that control heartbeats and breathing, almost all of the brain is deactivated during REM sleep.

Question 8

Psychologist Ernest Hilgard uses the term "hidden observer" to refer to the:

Accepted Answer

A)   fact that the hypnotized person experiences multiple personalities.
B)   stream of mental activity that the hypnotized person is not consciously aware of yet continues to process.
C)   use of a second hypnotist during hypnotic training sessions.
D)   fact that the hypnotized person is often unaware of other people in the room.

Question 9

On average, a newborn infant sleeps about 16 hours per day. How much of this sleep time is spent in REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   none
B)   less than 20 percent of the sleep time
C)   about 50 percent of the sleep time
D)   all of a newborn's sleep time

Question 10

Chris drinks coffee frequently. If she tries to get through the day without a cup of coffee, she feels tired and groggy. Chris's feelings of fatigue and drowsiness are most likely _____ that are caused by a phenomenon called the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychological symptoms; placebo
B)   withdrawal symptoms; drug rebound
C)   addictive symptoms; stimulant-induced
D)   withdrawal symptoms; dissociative

Question 11

Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchronization with daylight and darkness cues can produce:

Accepted Answer

A)   jet lag.
B)   narcolepsy.
C)   hypermnesia.
D)   REM sleep behavior disorder.

Question 12

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the retina of each eye.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Transient insomnia lasts from _____, and symptoms of chronic insomnia occur _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   one month to a year or more; less than one or two nights per week
B)   one or two nights to a couple of weeks; on at least three nights each week and persist for a month or longer
C)   five or six nights to a couple of months; about five or six times a year
D)   three nights each week to a month or longer; on one or two nights per week and persist for no more than a couple of weeks

Question 14

It is estimated that approximately _____ million Americans misuse alcohol or have serious alcohol problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   17
C)   25
D)   55

Question 15

According to one of the Focus on Neuroscience sections in the consciousness chapter, which of the following has a profound and long-lasting effect on the brain's dopamine reward system?

Accepted Answer

A)   REM sleep deprivation
B)   hypnosis
C)   addictive drugs
D)   meditation

Question 16

Biological processes that systematically vary over a 24-hour cycle are called _____ and are regulated by a cluster of neurons called the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic rhythms; melatonin cluster
B)   circadian rhythms; suprachiasmatic nucleus
C)   circadian rhythms; pineal gland
D)   brain waves; suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 17

Under conditions in which volunteers are deprived of all environmental time cues:

Accepted Answer

A)   they will experience strong symptoms of jet lag.
B)   they will gravitate to roughly a 24.2-hour day.
C)   their emotional, intellectual, and physical biorhythms become closely synchronized with one another.
D)   their circadian rhythms will become precisely entrained to a 24-hour day.

Question 18

Describe the steps involved in stimulus control therapy and explain how they work to reduce sleep problems.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus control therapy is a behavioral...

Question 19

Insomnia is characterized as:

Accepted Answer

A)   abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep.
B)   complaints about the quality or duration of sleep, difficulty in going to sleep or staying asleep, or waking before it is time to get up.
C)   excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses in sleep throughout the day.
D)   very shallow breathing or repeated pauses in breathing caused by the sleeper's airway becoming narrowed or blocked.

Question 20

Transient insomnia lasts from one or two nights to a couple of weeks. Symptoms of chronic insomnia occur three nights each week and persist for a month or longer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Describe the steps involved in stimulus control therapy and explain how they work to reduce sleep problems.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Stimulus control therapy is a behavioral...
View Answer

On average, a newborn infant sleeps about 16 hours per day. How much of this sleep time is spent in REM sleep?

Correct Answer
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The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the internal master biological clock that governs the timing of circadian rhythms.

Correct Answer
verified

Insomnia is characterized as:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Transient insomnia lasts from one or two nights to a couple of weeks. Symptoms of chronic insomnia occur three nights each week and persist for a month or longer.

Correct Answer
verified

Biological processes that systematically vary over a 24-hour cycle are called _ and are regulated by a cluster of neurons called the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Psychologist Ernest Hilgard uses the term "hidden observer" to refer to the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

Chris drinks coffee frequently. If she tries to get through the day without a cup of coffee, she feels tired and groggy. Chris's feelings of fatigue and drowsiness are most likely _ that are caused by a phenomenon called the _ effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Under conditions in which volunteers are deprived of all environmental time cues:

Correct Answer
verified

The broad term that refers to a condition in which a person feels psychologically and physically compelled to take a specific drug is:

Correct Answer
verified

According to one of the Focus on Neuroscience sections in the consciousness chapter, which of the following has a profound and long-lasting effect on the brain's dopamine reward system?

Correct Answer
verified

Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchronization with daylight and darkness cues can produce:

Correct Answer
verified

It is estimated that approximately _____ million Americans misuse alcohol or have serious alcohol problems.

Correct Answer
verified

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the retina of each eye.

Correct Answer
verified

Transient insomnia lasts from _, and symptoms of chronic insomnia occur _.

Correct Answer
verified

A myoclonic jerk is an involuntary muscle spasm of the whole body that jolts the sleeping person completely awake.

Correct Answer
verified

Use of inhalants can lead to:

Correct Answer
verified

After your university gets a new PET scanner, you decide you want to do a PET scan study to confirm earlier research about how brain activity during REM sleep differs from brain activity during wakefulness. The results of your study reconfirm the earlier research and show that:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Describe the steps involved in stimulus control therapy and explain how they work to reduce sleep problems.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIStimulus control therapy is a behavioral...View AnswerShow Answer

On average, a newborn infant sleeps about 16 hours per day. How much of this sleep time is spent in REM sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the internal master biological clock that governs the timing of circadian rhythms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insomnia is characterized as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transient insomnia lasts from one or two nights to a couple of weeks. Symptoms of chronic insomnia occur three nights each week and persist for a month or longer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological processes that systematically vary over a 24-hour cycle are called _____ and are regulated by a cluster of neurons called the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologist Ernest Hilgard uses the term "hidden observer" to refer to the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chris drinks coffee frequently. If she tries to get through the day without a cup of coffee, she feels tired and groggy. Chris's feelings of fatigue and drowsiness are most likely _____ that are caused by a phenomenon called the _____ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under conditions in which volunteers are deprived of all environmental time cues:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The broad term that refers to a condition in which a person feels psychologically and physically compelled to take a specific drug is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to one of the Focus on Neuroscience sections in the consciousness chapter, which of the following has a profound and long-lasting effect on the brain's dopamine reward system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchronization with daylight and darkness cues can produce:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is estimated that approximately _____ million Americans misuse alcohol or have serious alcohol problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the retina of each eye.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transient insomnia lasts from _____, and symptoms of chronic insomnia occur _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A myoclonic jerk is an involuntary muscle spasm of the whole body that jolts the sleeping person completely awake.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use of inhalants can lead to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After your university gets a new PET scanner, you decide you want to do a PET scan study to confirm earlier research about how brain activity during REM sleep differs from brain activity during wakefulness. The results of your study reconfirm the earlier research and show that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Stimulus control therapy is a behavioral...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Biological processes that systematically vary over a 24-hour cycle are called _ and are regulated by a cluster of neurons called the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Chris drinks coffee frequently. If she tries to get through the day without a cup of coffee, she feels tired and groggy. Chris's feelings of fatigue and drowsiness are most likely _ that are caused by a phenomenon called the _ effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Transient insomnia lasts from _, and symptoms of chronic insomnia occur _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified